The New System Proposal: Riordan Cloud System

We would like to propose a Ordain Cloud system service that will maintain all of your training courses, software update, running diagnostics for Routine systems checks. For long as we all know it will be a lot easier for communication within the organization. What is the Cloud System Service? You can think of portable work station because of the fact you can access is on the World Wide Web or some kind of Wi-If or link. It's continuously available to all users anytime and anywhere on an Internet connection is that allows you to quickly find ATA, information, applications and tools to help you do your Job more efficiently.This cloud system service will allow your company to install from any access point to another access point on your cloud system service site to conduct training with your employees at any time necessary. This new cloud system service will incorporate all of the items that you already have in the work place. The only foreseeable problems will be, having hackers more f requently trying to breech into the system in order to gather information or account details. So as needed to upgrade your servers to the overload of to New System Proposal Page 2 handle the increased workload on them as well upgrading your systems or infrastructure.To make sure no mishaps will happen. Which large portion of your company's resources is making sure that everything and all your systems are install and having the right software updates. And this will be an added savings in being able to store more applications, software, and all need data entry forms for the company and everything else. That is the most important resources that the company needs to have a vast infrastructure. Your Cloud system is going to be a high asset for your business. How do you meet the major demands for speeds and agility while keeping most of the costs down.Build on the foundation of your Cloud system with technologies that increase its responsiveness, support, scaling, deployment of applicatio ns faster, and enable you to identify insights in your rapidly expanding volumes of data. This provides scaling, performance, infrastructure provisioning, power consumption, and security features you need to power your cloud. After all learning material that is needed for the cloud system service, we are guaranteeing that this will go above and beyond all requirements necessary for the true of your company.For the numbers and costs wise, are biggest factors to your the old type of systems. Using this cloud system service will drastically reduce all or any of those numbers and start to raise your workload and performance to achieve the upped most scholar awards to further the best interest for your company. Also will intended to get your company goes into a path off new direction on to newer technology and New System Proposal Page 3 developments to be a vast company.One thing that we trying to accomplish here is when designing this new cloud system service is to have but more and mor e people o the fact numbers and start to raise your workload and performance to achieve the upped most scholar awards to further the best interest for your company. Also will intended to get your company goes into a path of a new direction on to newer technology and developments to be a vast company. One thing that we trying to accomplish here is when designing this new cloud system service is to have but more and more people to the fact that were going to be more portable and on the go.To have a infrastructure is to reciprocate its time for the future to catch up to what we need our company to be. This will be your front line for your workers to have a larger and more accurate objective on when getting work done to they're co- workers liking. For those you whom need the more advance technology to have an in depth training on the systems. This cloud system service will be help accomplish new means of the computer based applications by being more accessible to more people. Then will it get used to it and then which will intend on the patent it or copyright it. Which can increase more Jobs and more revenue in the company.Also will get people more familiar with the yester to expand the infrastructure of the company to see how the company uses the cloud system service to make sure everyone does what there suppose to be doing. We want to have a set up so that you will be more advanced with a technology that hasn't been brought to New System Proposal Page 4 any other company to build a strong and reliable infrastructure to get more business and help no another has success. The application itself will ensure that the employee has understood these system and is ready to implement it to the work the is required by them.And also to make sure that the employees who view it retains he information system. This will also allow the company to reorganize or completely change the lessons in a way Those who need it more easily understand that. I can see that you're going to be asking you, well what about security concerns with the new system. This is why your system will be a will have to update and maximize your infrastructure and server's. The only way to gain access to the cloud system service is to log into your company's Internet service. This is the most secure way without any new procedures and for no reason to install or get a new system.Our first and only goal is ensure that everyone is receiving the training they need and to maintain the vast infrastructure that were trying to imply here to make you the best of all the up keeping that system and gathering all information that goes with it. They will be required to log in with their surname and password that will be set to expire every 90 days. This will prevent any login information from being intercepted by the certain one that is trying to get into the system from the backbone. This will intend to add a fail-safe in which there is an unlikely event that the network is improvised and not detect ed.Then your information will only be available for a limited time before the access is or will be denied by the 90-day change. Also there could be a employee badge to enable to login with using a Pin code or even a thumbprint to ensure New System Proposal Page 5 meets security measures and allow gain access to the server room in which where the cloud server is maintain and located at. The main benefits that are going to be available from this is that were going to be on you own private cloud system everything in maintained in house. Everything that theIT department is going to is strong have reliable infrastructures to make sure every issues can be heavily resourced. As its usage can slowly run all servers running on the same node. With a lack of ease from having a scalable upgraded or downgrading a server will involve manual procedures, which are all fully automated the cloud. They're going to update and provide a sense of readiness to this new environment to help us maintain a go od relation with no one getting inside of the private cloud system that we are prospered to you today.Some are simply ways of doing tasks, which could be accomplished, usually less well, by other means but most cases, the system could not otherwise be accomplished at all. , whereby using the private key, known only, encrypts data to the owning user. It can only be decrypted using the corresponding personal that can only be the IT department. We will not Just make this system available to anybody or by a trusted infrastructure, which enables and supports this. The crucial fact to bear in mind is that if anyone or any person Just walks into the infrastructure has an importance to the system to make sure no one gains access to system.Page 6 Now that we know what the benefits are of using a private infrastructure, let take a look back at our previous statement to where we stated about using the employee's badge as to authenticate the device or a smart card as you will. You may be asking yourself, why go through all the extra trouble of using a smart card or the employee's badge to login into this cloud system to help us to see that it's all done by in house by your people and there eyes-only. Using the private cloud system it will help to ensure that your network and files stay safe and secure from public infrastructure.As far as omen most of the concerns go, this new system will help with the environment. Since we could reuse your current infrastructure this will reduce the amount of waste from older systems being trashed or deleted.. But were are going to have to have an updated servers, sows can't take them and re-use them in our new infrastructure but we may ask you to upgrade your Ethernet. The benefits of having this TO Ethernet cable are many. But more off larger scale that needs to incorporate a vast ton of data and information onto your network so that data may be shared and utilized in real time or over a large distance from the rivers.We feel that this will help your company. From allowing it to use your cloud system service as a system to maintain itself and make sure its working properly with the infrastructure holding a strong common ground to materials. One of the many benefits of the TO Ethernet cable is that there are over a vast number of dedicated channels devoted to the network at all times which allows for a 45 Mbps. This is which it wills allows all page 7 of the your files will rapidly move from one section of the organization to the other at an amorous speed.The distance of sending and receiving files applications a numerous amounts of data at which intend will no longer be a problem with these kinds of speeds. This will allow the company workers and co- workers to converse between each other in case something goes wrong or they see a breech in the mainframe. The only way that there is a drawback to this is the type of network is that if it goes down there will is by utilizing the this is self-explanatory but in the e nd your mind will be blown away from everything that involved with it your company will be a priceless because you will save so much time and money.With the server you will be blown away from everything that involved with it your company will be a priceless because you will save so much time and money. With the server you can have an piece of equipment with the ability the have these upgraded servers it holds a strong shield around the company from having a someone Just coming in the network Just to take useful and important information. There are many options on going to have this cloud system service go from having a the cloud system storage, cloud backup data systems, management system.These systems are one of many that we can also do for the reasoning for that we're trying to indorse here. With these many options we can build your company to more advancement to make it more marketable. Page 8 This will prove invaluable to your company since there will be no need to physically ha ve your employee's, to tell or let other know about problems in the interface dealing with the cloud system in which it will tell everything that going on. This one feature alone could prove the worth in the entire investment, as we are sure you already know.Besides the lack of productivity among employees on assignment from the older systems where trying to market here a change in today world of working everything from one big infrastructure then Just having many employee's that can do this Just as there daily Job. This would allow the your company's assets to be better maintained in the same amount of work or even proven fact of 50% more workload and instead of less down time. The second available option is a Bonded TTL infrastructure.This is a system where you can your infrastructure going to any location at the rate mobs per line thus we can have the option can the maximum of iambs. There are advantages and only one disadvantage with this infrastructure that we will go over. The cost is compared too fractional of the TO infrastructure feature, and the limited scalability. Lets get into the cost of this big step of business a telecommunication lines from the cheapest to most expensive as of the following.By these options we can go into slowly stepping up our connection of keeping costs low and increase our bandwidth based on requirement of our new system. This will allow us to reduce startup costs from the needed bandwidth upgrade instead of having a large TO line that will meet any demands but increase our costs dramatically. The only disadvantage of this type f setup is its limited New System Proposal Page 9 scalability due to its cost limitations at bonded TTL lines the cost is greater than that off fractional TO. So in the end you would simply be paying extra for the having multiple bonded TTL lines.The option to upgrade too fractional TO or even a full TO can be made at a later date when a more accurate demand calculation is attained after initial impl ementation and operation of the new system. To summarize a bandwidth required by the new system. During our initial launch and early operation we will have it built into the connection creating a newer network to eliminate a potential connection issues. This will give us a great idea to where we stand with the output of true bandwidth demand of the new system and can guide us into upgrading into a fractional or full TO at a later date if necessary.Now as we have talked and given you our proposal let us get into why we are going forth with accomplishing all of this work to benefit of the distance of learning. Also with our new system we will have the upped most newest system from file sharing to going ahead and making a system that can mostly do anything to help you with little down time for your employees. In the end this upgrade to your system will benefit all of your current factories, as it will essentially link them all together as one.The concept of having this new system throu gh a network is exciting to many companies. There are many benefits to having access. One great advantage to the Ordain site will be the elimination of travel expenses for the company instructors going all over the place to use page this system and show how it going to work and what's its going to accomplish. This will obviously be easier on the travel budget but will also allow for a greater output f productivity since all employees will be on hand at any given time through a cloud system service that will always be at an arms reach.Also making an easier application will improve business communication though out the whole the organization. As stated there will be an easier platform for how we work, what goes on, and making sure the company is running a lot smoothly after everything is set up. We are actually consider many other devices and newer technology and also the companies mobile phone as a cloud like service as a device to the offices overseas and other countries after every thing is set up and implemented.Computers are necessary for the cloud system service but however we are going to come up with newer and improved services as those like, POI systems and tablets can be implemented over time in the near future we have to do everything one at a time to see how it all work and goes. We will make integration a much simpler process when combining everything to the cloud system services to help mainstream, the new applications to upgrade everything in our path to make sure your company is going to have the best-integrated system that it can have for the 22nd century.As we look on for the future blessing of Ordain where corporate is a one and only concern. We have the ability for your employees to be able to log in and access many applications, data, files through remote access. It has been proven that learning is page 10 well and every more informational easy when it's retained through a newer system the option to have higher speed streaming to simply have everything that employee's data right there at a simply log in. Ordain will also receive many boosts in speeds with working with files on their website and other distant servers. Giving the thanks o the higher through put this will create.While some see the upload of files as a minor annoyance with more bandwidth speed and a better infrastructure there will also be a certain benefits of increased of speed. One will be the ability to access files and change them. Considering the fact that Ordain serves as a manufacturing company this could be an important flaw in the material or the finished product are noticed and the production of plastic goods can be shut down while the problem is solved. Here time truly is money. This asset will also help ensure your design has the o ahead on everything they need no matter what. Thank you for taking the time to listen to our proposal.We have covered many areas including, we were here to provide you with a reason why you need to upgrading your sys tem, the security of using a public or private clouding system. That's ethical to have its concerns and how it will help reduce down time. Upgrading your existing Ethernet lines to a TO connection, and the benefits of why you should upgrade to our cloud system services. One of the many benefits in the areas of your company you're your employees to have a accessible and there willing to being able to virtually innocent all of your companies to one vast infrastructure will probably be the easiest Page 1 1 improvements to give .Security should be a benefit is not overlooked. With companies relying on there so heavily there is a need to protect them at all costs. We have ensured that there are several layers of protection to keep the network running and data safe. Should any questions or concern come along while reading our proposal for your company to have a new an improved like system to have what you need to get the Job done no matter what. Please don't be shy and feel free to give a all, or give us a email.

Music for the Mind Analysis and Response Essays

Music for the Mind Analysis and Response Essays Music for the Mind Analysis and Response Essay Music for the Mind Analysis and Response Essay Music for the Mind The purpose of this essay was to inform and explain to individuals all of the several ways for people to enjoy music as well as to explicate that the readers should strive for a more active type of listening. It showed the impact music can have on the lives of people. Aaron Copland said that even â€Å"One note is enough to change the atmosphere of the room† (599). This essay was written for just about everybody, with hearing of course, because most everyone listens to music. Even for the few that do not listen to music often, this could perhaps persuade them to listen to music . This was presented in a creative essay type format. The different types of music and conclusion of this essay are examples of evidence to support the purpose. Copland mentioned â€Å"We all listen to music on three separate planes†¦ (1) the sensuous plane, (2) the expressive plane, (3) the sheerly musical plane† (599). Copland also says that the reader should strive for a more active kind of listening regardless of what type of music you listen to (603). However, the author also mentioned that many people who would normally consider themselves qualified music lovers abuse the first plane when listening. This author effectively uses these appeals very effectively with logic. This author used a more objective type of language in his essay. The evidence in this essay supports the claims through practices people experience while listening, writing, or performing music. The evidence covers the perspectives associated with the 3 planes, but nothing else. I felt this article was very well written. I enjoyed the essay, as I was engaged during it. Anyone who listens or performs music can very easily relate to this essay and become engaged into it. The organization of this essay also helps people to be absorbed by this essay. The language throughout this article is not too formal, but not terribly informal. It was the perfect median in which you could read through and easily relate to the essay. Copland was very descriptive throughout this essay. I agree with this essay. This essay very much allows you to think and appreciate music in a way that you may have never thought about before. Personally, as a musician, I occasionally tend to listen to music in the third, musicality plane. I enjoy listening to the small details in songs and pieces of music. Without the small details in songs, they would not sound as aptivating as they are. However, I did not realize I was listening to music in this third plane until I read this article. I agree with the author when he claims that some people abuse the sensuality plane of listening by going to concerts in order to lose themselves. These individuals use music as a consolation of an escape. They enter a world where one does not have to think about reality. Of course , these individuals are not even thinking about the music. Instead, they dream because of and incidentally of the music yet never quite listening to it (599). I can relate to the author when he begins to talk about the second plane, the expressive plane. All music does have expressive power. Of course, some music will have much more than others, behind all of the notes, lyrics, is what the music is all about. Copland states that there is a meaning to music, however he cannot state that meaning. I agree because all music is going to have different meanings. A lack in appreciation of music sometimes disables one’s ability to connect with the music. The third plane, the sheerly musical plane, also relates to me. While taking music theory I and II in high school, we were told to compose our own songs, which allowed me to understand how the sheerly music plane works much better. Many listeners are not aware of this third plane when they are enjoying their music. Sometimes, I will stop and think about how the notes are put together, and try to guess the intervals between notes. Aside from the physical notes, other parts of the sheer musicality are rhythm, dynamics, scales, and much more. It is important to become more alive to music on its musical plane. This essay was the most enjoyable to read because of how well I was able to connect to it with a past comprised so much of music. Before reading this article, I did not quite think about all of the different planes of listening to music and how they all correlate to each other. I found myself, after reading this article, able to connect with each and every plane of music that Copland mentioned. I, of course, will often listen to music and enjoy it in the sensuous plane. I also can look at music from a composer’s point of because I have written and recorded my own song. However, along with this, I agree with the author in which many performers do not get into the music entirely because they are too worried about the notes and rhythms, they seem to forget what the song is all about. Finally, I can also relate to the third plane because I have a past with music and I can pick out certain notes, rhythms, and details in songs that add so much detail to the song. Overall, I believe Copland did an outstanding job in the writing of this essay. Copland, Aaron. The Norton Reader. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2012. Print.

How to Know If Youre Really Ready for a Promotion at Work

How to Know If Youre Really Ready for a Promotion at Work You’ve been offered a promotion at work! Congratulations. It’s an honor and a good sign you’ve been doing a lot of things just right. Upward mobility can be tricky to navigate, and you’re one step closer to the top. But before you jump at the chance to make the transition from team member to department supervisor, there are a few things to keep in mind. Managing requires a markedly different set of additional skills. You might even find yourself doing less of the work you love and more of the managing. The perks are pretty easy to spot. You’ll get paid more, for starters- when taking on additional responsibility, you’re almost always rewarded with extra compensation. Your value to the company goes up, so does your paycheck.But there are also a few drawbacks you might not anticipate:Higher risk: The stakes are higher. So are the hazards, if those apply to your line of work. Also, more of your coworkers will be out to try and get your job. Youà ¢â‚¬â„¢ll have to keep your eyes open and deliver more than you have been expected to deliver previously.More company responsibility: Managers are often congratulated when a team produces good results. But they are also often blamed when those results aren’t up to par. No matter how well you directed your team or how hard you all worked, you’ll be expected to own the end results.Leadership: There’s no escaping the fact that you will have to assume a role of leadership. Good managers have to learn to inspire people, motivate them, keep them on track, give them space to do their work- but not enough to shirk it, etc. You’ll be part educator, part mentor, part taskmaster, part disciplinarian. A big portion of your new job will be spent this way.Delegation: If you’re not good at delegating or ceding control. If you’re a slave to details or have a hard time trusting others to perform at your level, be prepared for some anxiety. You will have to d elegate as a manager, and be comfortable with the results.More managing: If you really love the nuts and bolts of your job, keep in mind that your new job will involve a lot more managerial tasks, and a lot less of what you’re used to doing. This can be a tough adjustment.If you’re starting to feel yourself waver after reading this, ask yourself these three questions:1. Can I tolerate these new demands?Am I prepared to assume the new risk, the new responsibilities, shift my focus from what I’m used to doing to managerial tasks? And am I up for additional challenge and, perhaps, uncertainty? If the answer is yes, keep thinking.2. Can I manage others?If you’ve never managed before, try and think about the last time you were on a group project. Did you delegate any tasks? Take the lead in any way? Try to imagine how your coworkers have interacted with you in these situations. Did you easily assume a confident place of leadership? Did you feel you had their r espect and trust? Or did you hate every minute of it?3. What would I like doing more?It’s a fair question. If you really love your daily work and really don’t enjoy being in a leadership or supervisory position, then the extra money and challenge might not be worth it to you. If you’re really just hoping to work your way up the corporate rungs, then it might be a necessary first step.Remember, as you move up and up, you’ll constantly have to shift your skill set and update it accordingly. Don’t make any big leaps before you’re ready. But keep your eye on whatever prize you have in mind and you’ll be fine.

Chicano Studies (Latino Narrative Film-1990 to present) Essay

Chicano Studies (Latino Narrative Film-1990 to present) - Essay Example However, since the 1930s onwards a change was observed in the Latin American film industry and initiation of the change occurred especially among Brazilian film directors. For a time period of almost two decades a cultural struggle within the Brazilian film industry was gradually becoming conspicuous and it was mainly reflecting a desperate quest among the film makers to develop their own identity, going beyond the realm of oppression that they encountered due to Western cultural acculturation. Prior to this period Mexican melodramatic films and Brazilian â€Å"chanchadas† were only remaking of Hollywood style film narrative. During the period of 1930 to 1950, serious attempts were made to create such films that would elevate the aspects of Latin American life, their social, cultural trends and different aspects of a Latin American individual’s life within such social, cultural, political and economic domain (Hart 1-5). In this context, influence of Italian cinematic narrative created huge importance on the Latin American film narrative. The post Great War II period, in the history of Italian art is characterized with Neo Realism movement which mainly attempted to focus on everyday life of common people in the post War situation. The trends of Neo Realism in the context of Latin American film making played a considerably important part in developing specific voice of the film makers. During the 60s, French New Wave film narrative technique provided additional impetus to the entire system. The next two decades are considered as the most important phase in the history of Latin American films, as the directors have created and conveyed an original narrative style that was entirely different from Hollywood tradition of mainstream filmmaking and soon the Latin American film industry made its access into the mainstream film industry (Hart 7-13). Huge success and international level recognition of films l ike

Analysis of Robotic Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Robotic Technology - Research Paper Example However, it is seen that a broad and strict quantitative study for Robot Technology has not been carried out in the past. The basic objective of this paper is to prove the positive or negative impacts of Robot Technology on young students that are studying in different schools. The sample of the research not only contains students studying at different schools but also their teachers and parents. The data are collected using both primary and secondary tools, and results are derived using t-tests to compare means of responses collected from different schools. Performance related, dependent variables are selected, and the use of Robot Technology is taken as an independent variable. The impact of each variable is checked independently, and the results are based on the values of the t-tests. The result of this research indicated that Robot technology had a positive effect on the studies of young students, and their grades showed improvement from the past. The results also show that the m echanism used to assess the result of the study was valid, which conforms to the findings of Barker and Ansorge who studied a similar research topic in 2007. A Roadmap for US Robotics: From Internet to Robotics, vol. 21, 2009. Georgia Institute of Technology. http://www.us-robotics.us/reports/CCC%20Report.pdf Abstract A program by the name Robot Diaries was carried to determine how technology influences the learning of middle school girls. This study is quite relevant to the topic of discussion because it draws on the topic of this report. The robot diaries project was designed to research on the interactions between children and electronic devices that are integrated during their learning processes. Robotics is considered as a vital pipeline for literacy based on technology because of its ability to pull in and inspire students who are often not in accord with the conventional classroom curricula. Apart from the Robot diaries project, other human-robot interactions (HRI) have been carried based on well researched and vigorous scrutiny of developments in the technology field. Vesgos (2008) notes that robots have been successful in setting a common ground in project-based foreign language teaching of children and students, as compared to conventional media (Barker & Ansorge 345). This has been proved by the robotic technologies that have been developed in South Korea that backed by its development in information technology, has in place the world’s electronic learning robot that can be used at home by students and other users.  Ã‚  

Iron production in sudan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Iron production in sudan - Essay Example Providing a great opportunity for investors. According to a recent KPMG report, the continuing global urbanization is set to drive the demand of steel, effectively doubling it by 2050 and at the current level of demand the iron ore reserves in Brazil’s Minas Gerias and Australia’s Pilbara will generally be exhausted by then. It is predicted that as the world gradually runs out of hematite deposits, there will spring the need for new sources of iron. One of countries that is seen to offer an amazing opportunity for the iron ore industry. Sudan’s full iron ore production potential has never been fully exploited nor has it been completely analyzed but its location next to Congo and the iron ore reserves that are already being mined have shown promising results. By investing in Sudan’s iron ore industry, investors from the GCC stand to reap immense benefits from the virgin iron ore industry in the country Resources In a study conducted by Waldelnour, et al. (2 010), both the Western and Eastern parts of Khartoum have relatively rich iron ore deposits. The type of iron ore deposits that is seen to be available in these areas is generally found in the Mesozoic and especially so in the Upper Cretaceous. This iron ore is generally characterized by having a relatively high tonnage, in addition to its low-grade quality. However it is quite possible that if the country’s investment policy were to be reviewed so as to essentially favor investment in the iron and steel industry, this could have the potential resultant effect of entirely revolutionizing the steel industry in the country especially so in light of the fact that these deposits tend to cover vast expanses of land (Waldelnour, et al., 2010, pg. 2). Sudan’s rich mineral resources: Sudan’s rich mineral that could possibly be exploited by investors includes: According to Mann & Mendenhall, (1964), the Geological Department in Sudan published the Fodikwan Iron Deposits. Sudan’s Fodikwan group of deposits are found to be mainly located at approximately 21?-45’ N. latitude and between 36 ? -45’ E. Longitude this region is found to be in the areas around the north Red Sea Hills areas of the country, at an approximate distance of about nine miles inland from its Port Sudan-Halaiba Road. This is an estimated distance of about 167 miles from the country’s Port Sudan. The nearest harbor that can service any transportation of these iron ore resources is found to be at Marob, which is at a distance of approximately 12 miles from these deposits. It would be necessary for the country to develop a Jetty to support the loading of ships with the processed iron, steel or iron ore that has been mined from this region. The report also indicated that the iron deposits in the country can essentially be divided into the two categories of solid ore which is seen to constitute about 147,000 metric tons of relatively accessible ore containing about 60%Fe, while the mixed ore deposits were estimated to stand at 95,000 tons with an

The Discipline Of Comparative Literature

The Discipline Of Comparative Literature Comparative Literature as a discipline implies transcending the frontiers of single languages and national literatures. For a comparatist, any literature is basically a literature which has to be studied with reference to other literatures, generally on a bilingual/ multilingual basis. The multilingual consciousness, which has often been distinguished from a polyglot situation, is characterized by the paradoxical desire to be one and yet remain many. Here we shall here make an attempt to bring together, and thereby compare and contrast, a few fundamental aspects of theme with regard to Kamala Das and Balamani Amma. Towards the conclusion of the above process, we shall try to bring forth and analyze some elements of intertextuality, prefiguration etc. which act as subliminal links between the two poets par excellence. As S.S. Prawer says, comparative thematology enables us to examine and contrast the spirit of different societies and epochs as well as those of individual talents: for the same reason, literary studies cannot be divorced from study of literary style (102). Influence studies have acquired a quite justifiable disreputation in the present times since they have been generally pursued in a mechanical, unimaginative way. Though influence cannot be totally separated from questions of analogy, affinity and tradition, it implies impulsion rather than imitation, and it is precisely the lack of mutual influence which makes the comparison interesting and meaningful (Prawer Influence, Analogy and Tradition 52). We have to remember the fact that influence is not confined to individual details, images, borrowings or even sources à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ it has to be considered as something organically involved in the production of artistic works, and that there are comparable manifestations in form or i n content, in different authors, at different times with no apparent direct relationship to each other. As J. T. Shaw says, juxtaposition of comparable works may have great value in the criticism of each of them (90). We must also be aware that the study of influence can lead us to questions of intertextuality, though the manifestation of intertextuality does not by itself presuppose influence. What will be attempted here, consequently, will not be direct analogies or affinities between Kamala Das and Balamani Amma, but instances of impulsion, intertextuality, and prefiguration. The thematic and structural complexity of Kamala Dass poetry is a quite natural outcome of the more complex nature of the modern world, when compared to that of her predecessors. However, it can be seen that her basic themes boil down to a few distinctive types as demonstrated below. Though the criticism that Kamala Das is subjective and does not bother for the world around her is levelled against her, we can easily refute it by citing a few poems she has written against communal violence. For example, the poem The Inheritance is about Hinduà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœMuslimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœChristian hatred for each other and our false belief about the superiority of our own religion. We had the inheritance of peaceful coà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœexistence, but now everything is upset. She says when at sundown, the muezzins high wail sounded from/The mosque, the chapel bells announced the angelus, and/From the temple rose the brahmins assonant chant, But now lunacy speaks: slay them who do not/Believe, or better still, disembowel their young ones/And scatter on the streets their meagre innards. In A Certain Defect in the Blood ? she states the bitter memories of having to suffer discrimination because of her nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœAryan blood. They were in the grip of fear and were trying to crouch like spiders into tight balls, trying to escape by sleep. She refers to July 1983, probably ethnic violence of a racial base : It was a defect In our blood that made us the lands inferiors, A certain muddiness in the usual red Revealing our non Aryan descent Death has always been Kamala Dass pet topic, and it was almost like an obsession. She was for many a time in deathbed due to cardiac problems and had seen death face to face. She grew up in a strained family atmosphere where her mother belonged to royal heritage and her father peasant folk. She often says that she nourished a fascination for Death the Leveller who could level the shame of her swarthy skin, plain features and Dravidian blood. The Cartà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœHorse is about the sorrow of young and old carthorses. Lucky is the decrepit horse which falls on the way and dies spurting pink foam from its mouth. But the old people who see the young horses being shot purse their mouth and tremble when they think of the inevitability of death . In Cerebral Thrombosis, a man of eighty is in his sick bed and the relatives are sleeping (weary, three nights in a row and not even a pillow for their heads). The last line reads: Only the oxcart stumbling on and on. The images of the deathbed, delirium, death etc are brought forth to make us aware of the inevitability of death. She has time and again brought in the issue of frustration due to various reasons. The poem The Testing of the Sirens is about her experiences with a man other than her husband. He makes love to her and takes her outside for sightseeing. But in the end, she realises that there is no more night, no more love or peace, but only the white sun burning. Finally she asks, Why does love come to me, like pain again and again and again? Towards the last part of the poem Daughter of the Century she writes about how she promises to control her lust, although she was enamoured by the white man who had whiter limbs. She is fully aware of the futility and meaninglessness of life. Disillusionment is powerfully expressed in lines like No God seems too keen to preserve us. We mated like Gods but begot only our killers Each mother suckles her own enemy And hate is first nurtured at her gentle breast She had many a fear about ageing, children leaving her when they grow up, friends disowning her, words failing her etc. In the poem Tomorrow she is fearful of the onset of tomorrow. She refers to her love and devotion for her child who called her Amma, and to her dreams unfulfilled before being persecuted by the cruel world. In Womens Shuttles she appears to be very sad about ageing. She can no longer enjoy the privileges that she had enjoyed during her younger days : At my age there are no longer Any homecomings. Nothing can Bring back a twinkle in those eyes That took root in memory During those innumerable Trips behind a dear ones hearse. She did not hesitate to raise her voice against false culture and snobbery: The first part of the poem The Snobs is about her house in Calcutta. The second part registers her strong protest against snobbery and false pretensions, against the cruelty of children who disowned their mothers because their hands were workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœworn. She realises that we too, someday, by our children may be disowned. The poem Nani is mainly about a pregnant maid who hanged herself in the privy one day. They mistook the dead body for an expression of comic dance. When once she asked her grandmother about Nani she asked Who is she? It is also an expression of her philosophic thoughts about life, death and truth. She just cannot tolerate the indifference of the rich towards the poor. The poem Vrindavan hints at soothing extraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœmarital relationship. She generalises it by saying that Vrindavan lives on in every womans mind and the flute is luring her; regarding the long scratch on her brown areola and flushed cheeks she lies to her husband that she tripped over the brambles in the woods. In Love she expresses her admiration for the man who has satisfied her desires: Until I found you I wrote verse, drew pictures and went out with friends for walks. Now that I love you, curled like an old mongrel my life lies, content in you In poems like Summer in Calcutta she speaks of the transience of human relationships. She drinks in the April sun like orange squeezed into her glass. She is intoxicated and wants him only for a moment. She realises how brief is the duration of her devotion and how brief is his reign inside her mind when she drinks the juice of April sun: Dear, forgive this moments lull in wanting you, the blur in memory. How brief the term of my devotion how brief your reign Though Kamala Das is labelled as a feminist poet by some, it seems that she broke herself away from the common kind of feminisms. Her feminine sensibility does not merely argue for gender equality, but for tender care and consideration from the male counterpart. An example is the poem The Old Playhouse, in which she says: I came to you but to learn What I was and by learning, to learn to grow, but every lesson you gave was about yourself. You were pleased with my bodys response, its weather, its usual shallow convulsions. You dribbled spittle into my mouth, you poured yourself into every nook and cranny, you embalmed my poor lust with your bitterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsweet juices, you called me wife, Adumbrations of motherly love do not often figure in discussions on the poetry of Kamala Das. In the poem Jaisurya she tells us how proud she felt at the birth of her child and how dedicated she was to her new born baby. She wants to disregard the man who branded her with his lust à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ what matters is only the soft stir in womb, the foetus growing : They raised him to me then, proud Jaisurya, my son, separated from a darkness that was mine Poems depicting motherly love constitute the major chunk of Balamani Ammas poetry. It is often remarked that Balamani Amma is the poetess of motherhood. In the anthology titled soopaanam twenty three poems directly represent motherly love and there are many more poems which represent motherly love indirectly also. A typical example is maatru chumbanam (Kiss of the Mother). She is proud of being the mother of a human being. She kisses her child on the mouth, forehead, locks, head etc. The child is compared to a bud. The spring has come to add to the beauty of the bud fondled by the father and mother. She blesses her child to be able to face the harsh realities of life. ammayum makanum (Mother and Son) is the story of the beginning of a spiritual transformation. She is overjoyed when she first touches her baby boy. Thereafter, there is no place for selfishness in her mind. She pledges to live for her son. Tears of joy rush down her cheeks. She decides to refine her ways. According to h er, no philosopher except the mother could ever interpret the babble of the child. In the poem veenugoopaalan (Lord Krishna), the child is compared to Lord Krishna himself. At the height of devotion, even the objects of worship turn out to be God. For gods who do not have ageing or death, the transient childhood might appear attractive. That might have been the reason why they were that much interested in the music of young Lord Krishna. Any mother who vows to serve the son can see God himself in her son. Only foolish people search for God in sacred texts. Only the mother is privileged to envision God in her son. However, when we take up kavipreeyasi, (Wife of a Poet) we are told how the wife of a poet controls her feelings before him who spends his time involving himself in noble things. Half way through cooking and not even combing the hair she climbs the steps to see her husband. There he was sitting, writing poetry, addressing the universe. Her earthly desires are about to rouse him from the state of concentration. She is remorseful about wasting her youthful years. But her husbands words that their youthful days are not meant for enjoyment and merrymaking stop her from going near him. But she sees her husband kissing the ring she gave him and hears him praising her. Then she understands the depth of the love he has for her. She is very much moved by this, which is why she is ready to go back silently. In mangalyaraatri (Marriage Night) a bride forgets her past and clings to her husband, it is because all her thoughts are centred on him. The soul which has achieved Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœrealization is afraid if it would lose this faculty if it gives importance to worldly things. She is attracted to the beauty of the earth. The poet says that one can ultimately reach God only by learning to appreciate the beauty of the earth. Her husband becomes her whole universe. In kavanapeetattil (On the Stage of Poetry) a poet, bent on creating a worthwhile poem, looks at the roof thoughtfully, when his wife comes and stands at the door. She appears very beautiful and his concentration is lost when he sees her. Her voice makes the house a heaven and according to him, he has got a world of pleasure for himself through marriage. But she pretends as if she does not know what is in his mind. The artist knows that whatever be there, a heart eager for his presence is essential for his perfection in the field. And finally he understands that the beating of a tender heart is sufficient to melt any heart of stone. The ideology of nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœviolence is proclaimed in prabhaatam (Dawn).This is the poets asking her soul to wake up in the morning to worship God and to bow her head in mutual love. The life based on rites and rituals make it difficult for one to reach the shore safely. Unless there is the strong oar of friendship, the boat is likely to be shattered against the walls of hatred. Life was wasted in search of vain things and is now suffering from misfortunes. If we want to make our life enjoyable, we must believe in the principle of nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœviolence. Those who desire to hear the voice of God must not like the sound of mutual fights. When we leave all ill feelings and aspire for Godliness, fraternity and equality, me reach God realization. Similarly, she protests against social inequality and cruelty in ksheetraviidhiyil (On the Threshold of the Temple). This poem was written to celebrate the Guruwayur Temple Entry Proclamation. The poet seems to be fully conversan t with the social and political issues of her time. Till 1107, backward communities were not allowed to enter the temple to worship God. But several freedom fighters and social activists fought for years together to eke out this privilege. The poet praises all those who made that feat possible. She ends her poem by declaring that the revolution which can wipe the tears of the downà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ trodden is the only true kind of revolution. The comparative / contrastive study of themes has been termed differently by different theoreticians à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ thematics, thematology, stoffgeschichte Prawer identifies five prototypal subjects of investigation in this field, viz. (i) natural phenomena and mans reaction to them (ii) recurring motifs (iii) recurrent situations (iv) the literary representation of types and (v) the literary representation of named personages ( Prawer Themes and Prefigurations 99-100). Prawers remarks about the benefits of comparative thematology are of special significance with regard to the present study (102-3). First of all, the comparative study of themes and motifs enables us to see what type of writer chooses what type of material, and how the material is dealt with at various times. For example, Balamani Amma has a genius for combining themes and motifs from the most varied sources and integrating them into unified works of art, but Kamala Das weighs, filters and distils her themes. Secondly, thematic studies enable us, to examine and contrast the spirit of different societies and epochs as well as those of individual talents. Balamani Ammas tentative adumbration of physical love transforms, as we have seen, into Kamala Dass clinical prognosis of foreplay and coitus. Discussing the problematised and elusive concept of influence, Rene Wellek (qtd in Prawer, Influence, Analogy and Tradition 51) says that the whole conception of a cause in literary study is uncritical; nobody has ever been able to show that a work of art was caused by another work of art, even though parallels and similarities can be accumulated. A later work of art may not have been possible without a preceding one, but it cannot have been caused by it. Now, this casual admission of fact by Wellek can be taken as an excellent launching point, though his statement may be somewhat too broad in reference. Putting things in this broad frame of reference one can well argue that all texts have been influenced in some way or another, and that all works of literature are intertextual in nature. Speaking about literary indebtedness, J. T. Shaw (85-6) says that an authors literary debts do not in effect diminish his originality, since originality is not best understood in terms of innovation. Many great authors have openly admitted the influence of others on them, and some, like Salman Rushdie, have even paraded their indebtedness to others. They seem to have felt that originality consists, not exclusively or even primarily in innovation in materials or of style and manner, but in the genuineness and effectiveness of the artistic moving power of the creative work. The innovation which does not move aesthetically is of interest only to the for malist. What genuinely moves the reader aesthetically and produces an independent artistic effect has artistic originality, whatever its debts. The original author is not necessarily the innovator or the most inventive, but rather the one who succeeds in making all his own, in subordinating what he takes from others to the new aesthetics of his artistic work (Shaw 85-6). What emerges from the aforesaid is that the juxtaposition of comparable authors as well as their works has rewards richer than we might imagine. The kind of quasià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœdiachronic comparison we are attempting here will be seen to expose hitherto ignored or unperceived aspects of awareness concerning both the mother and the daughter. From the foregoing, it would almost be tautological to say that we have here two poetic minds operating on entirely different milieu. Creative power is, as commonly observed, fed and controlled by the timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœspirit. Since Balamani Amma had written most of her poems during the Indian struggle for independence, we have a natural preponderance of themes like patriotism, reverence for God, concern for the poor and the afflicted etc in her poems, combined with a dominant lucidity of style. But on the other hand we have Kamala Das, a product of modern lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsituations. She is the spokesperson of the subtle but powerful eruptions of the complex modern psyche. Identity crises, phobias, inhibitions, unfulfilled and uncertain relationships à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ all form the natural makeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœup of the raw material before the modern poet; and hence we have the ensuing complexity and innovativeness of both theme and style. Intertextuality is a potential mi ne for significant discovery of links which exist, directly and subliminally, between the mother and the daughter. What follows is an attempt to concretize some facets of intertextuality which exist between them. (a) PREOCCUPATION WITH THE DIVINE For Balamani Amma, manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœGod relationship is not enigmatic at all. She was convinced that the way to God lies in self sacrifice, and almost all of her poems in this category centre on this keynote. paniniirppuuv , mannambalam, vandanam etc are good examples. In her poem paniniirppuuv we see that though man has access to high ideals and spiritual thoughts which are said to be capable of leading him towards ultimate Bliss, Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœrealization occurs only when he is willing to place everything at the feet of the Almighty. The poem vandanam is another triumphant acclamation of the manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœGod relationship. The poet says that the troubles of this world à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ disease, discomfort, loneliness or anything à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ cannot destroy her faith in the Almighty. One of her other similar poems, Benediction, (aasirvaadam translated by the author) deserves special mention, where she felicitously combines the mundane with the spiritual: The first cry of the child was a Mantra Sanctifying their love No wonder. The child has come with the key of Heaven held tight in his curling fingers, Fingers that have to scribble the first lessons of selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsacrifice on her mothers bosom (Balamani Amma, Thirty Poems) Kamala Das on the other hand has considerably problematised the concept of God, especially in some of her Anamalai poems. In poem No. 10 she says: There is a love greater than all you know/ that awaits you where the red road finally ends its patience proverbial In poem No. 4, God or eternity is presented from another angle: If only the human eye could look beyond the chilling flesh where would death be then, that meaningless word, when life is all that there is, that raging continuity that often the wise ones recognize as God? For her, the concept of God or heaven is totally free from religious insinuations, and the way to God does not need to involve selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsacrifice in any form. For her, the wise one is he who is able to escape the stranglehold of the immediate, one who has enough perspective to view life as starting from the infinite and proceeding towards the infinite, with the occasional intrusion of death which cannot spell finality. (b) THE FEMINIST SEARCH FOR IDENTITY AND FULFILMENT The overtly feminist stance of Kamala Das has been exegetically discussed during the recent years. Almost aggressively individualistic, she systematically disposes of patriarchal codes in the various facets of human relationship, arguing for a just balance: Fond husband, ancient settler in the mind Old fat spider, weaving webs of bewilderment, be kind. You turn me into a bird of stone, a granite dove, You build round me a shabby drawing room and stroke my face absent mindedly (From The Stone Age) Kamala Dass poetry has a special force and appeal for us primarily because of the honesty and candour with which she asserts her right to exist as an individual with a distinctive identity and to be her authentic self even if this involves breaking the moulds of traditional ethics and propriety. Her poetry voices a vehement protest against the senseless restrictions which compel a sensitive and intelligent woman to lead a vapid kind of existence. She refused to fit into any scheme devised by the categorizers. The frank, confessional quality of her poetry is her main strength, though in the absence of a mature selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœrestraint we can also notice in it a dash of callow exhibitionism particularly when she has to flaunt her flamboyant lust in order to retrieve her undermined dignity. The bitter irony and anguish of a woman who find herself tied down to a meaningless routine of household activities can be noticed in many of her poems. We see them in The Siesta where we find the poet asking herself ironically if she could have the courage and the sense : to pick herself an average identity, to age through years of earthly din gently, like a cut flower until its time to be removed . . . Through her defiant self-assertion, Kamala Das increases our awareness of how the dead weight of outworn values can block the emotional and individual growth of an individual. How painful, frenzied and self-consuming the life of an ill adjusted, sensitive individual can be in the rotting and decaying society is well brought out in many of her poems. However, it is more interesting to see the same streak of rebellion in the poetry of Balamani Amma, although in different form. The telling effect of zeità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœgeist upon her poetry diverted the force of her attack, so much so that she has had to project her feelings via an artificial context, many times resorting to using a third person, which would be of help in coming round the delicate problem of involving ones own husband. For example in her poem kalyaanaveedimeel (Upon the Wedding Stage) she evocatively highlights the picture of a potential groom afraid of his own natural impulses. Apparently, his whole life is dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge, and he cannot understand what knowledge the prospective bride would be able to impart. Though in his heart of hearts he looks forward to the pleasures of marriage, his conscious self considers it a weakness to have decided to marry. In another poem a girl, a sages daughter, shuns all lures of conjugal life. In spite of her fathers efforts to persuade her to marry one of his disciples, she remains adamant and shuns all worldly pleasures thinking that she has attained supreme enlightenment, and that she must not condescend to be a mere consort to a man. Later her father dies, and after many years when the charm of her youth has ebbed away, she meets a young sanyasi. The young man likes her and wants to be near her always. But she does not want to enchain his youthfulness to old age and decides to dissolve every particle of her existence in the foam of the ocean waves. This strange story inexorably justifies the reality and validity of all human passions. Kama or carnal pleasure has its validity in life, and repression of basic urges will only lend to psychological abnormalities. Balamani Ammas philosophy is one which embraces life on this earth with all its defects and deficiencies, and gives due recognition to th e psychological truth that asceticism has its martyrs. In the poem, kavanapiitattil (In the Poets Study) we have the silhouette of an artist working late into the night. His young wife, having been fighting it out with loneliness for quite some time expectantly makes a tentative appearance at the door, with age old human desire adumbrating her face. As the poet describes it, the artist, then at a supreme moment of creation disposes of this potential casualty by amicably reminding her of the importance of what he is doing, and the possible hazard which can be caused even by a minutes relapse. His obedient and understanding wife then beats a silent retreat. Poems like these express, albeit subtly, what the poet wants to say. Balamani Amma had to go by the canons of contemporary zeità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœgeist which advocated restraint, circumvention moderation rather than explicitness. But it can be seen that the same fierce individualism and plea for gender justice which marks off Kamala Das preà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœfigures forcefully in the poetry of her mother, though in a form not substantial enough to attract common notice. However, the mother could later find vicarious realization of suppressed rebellion through the poetry of her daughter, although after many years. In her poem To my Daughter written in 1965 she says: Your mind may grow restless with sad thoughts Your body may be weary of household tasks But about you I hold no fear. Your power of turning worms into butterflies Comforts me.