Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria Essay

The subject of a satisfactory equation for income sharing among the segment levels of the Nigerian country is one of the most extended and disputable discussions in the political and macroeconomic administration of the economy. This discussion has its establishments in the history and development of the Nigerian league. â€Å"Revenue designation or the legal appropriation of income from the Federation Account among the various degrees of government has been one of the most argumentative and questionable issues in the nation’s political life. So combative has the issue been that none of the formulae developed at different occasions by a commission or by pronouncement under various systems since 1964 has increased general agreeableness among the part units of the nation. To be sure, the issue, similar to a repetitive decimal, has agonizingly remained the primary issue that almost every approaching system has needed to wrestle with since freedom. Simultaneously, upwards of thirteen distinct endeavors have been made in conceiving a worthy income portion equation, every one of which is more associated with the debates it produced than issues settled† Financial federalism alludes to the extension and structure of the levels of government duties and capacities just as the assignment of assets among the levels of government. Maybe the most significant issue of monetary federalism is the income portion recipe, the sharing of national income among the different levels of government (vertical income sharing) just as the dispersion of income among the state governments (that is, even income allotment). The centralization of Nigeria’s monetary federalism started with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which contended that a fitting income assignment framework should bring about a progressively impartial appropriation of income among the states to accomplish a reasonable advancement of the organization. Income distribution can be portrayed as a method(s) of sharing the halfway created income among the various levels of government and how the sum apportioned to a specific level is shared among its parts. Nigeria is an administrative state †under the bureaucratic arrangement of government, organization or halfway created income is shared among the three degrees of government, in particular; the national government, the states and the neighborhood governments. The hypothesis of income partaking in an administrative state is that each degree of government gets a portion of budgetary assets custom fitted to their particular necessities as characterized by the command of authoritative capability, their real circumstance and the legal lists of computation. In Nigeria, choices with regards to what extent of halfway produced income that would be held by the government, the extent that will be shared among the state governments and the extent that will go to the neighborhood government has consistently been an issue, because of the way that there is no accord concerning what could be viewed as a perfect equation. The rules that direct the execution of intergovernmental monetary relations include: (a) The Principle of Diversity: The administrative framework must be able to suit a huge assortment of decent varieties. Henceforth, the financial framework must give degree to assortment and contrasts to flexibly national, local and neighborhood open products. (b) The Principle of Equivalence: Based on the topographical frequency of various open products, allocative proficiency requires the evening out of locational favorable circumstances emerging from between jurisdictional contrasts with a mix of charges and open merchandise and enterprises. This requires the utilization of financial instruments for accomplishing macroeconomic goals of development, adjustment and full work by inhabitants of various geopolitical units; this necessity controls for what is regularly alluded to as â€Å"central city misuse thesis†. (d) Minimum Provision of Essential Goods and Services: This guarantees monetary federalism ensures all residents, independent of where they dwell, the base arrangement of ertain fundamental open merchandise and enterprises. (e) Principle of Fiscal Equalization: In request to guarantee a base degree of open products and enterprises same level of monetary balance is required. This is because of contrasts in asset gift. (f) The Efficiency Principle: This guideline suggests that productivity must be applied in the designation of assets (g) The Principle of Derivation: The segment units of a framework ought to have the option to control its very own portion assets as they want. h) The Principle of Locational Neutrality: Interregional monetary contrasts will in general impact area selections of people and firms. Consequently, strategy should concentrate on limiting mutilations because of some obstruction. Consequently, differential assessments which make locational contortions ought to be stayed away from as much as practicable. (I) The Principle of Centralized Redistribution: This rule expresses that the redistribution capacity of financial arrangement through dynamic tax collection and consumption projects ought to be brought together at the government level. That is, if the redistributive capacity is decentralized, it can bring about twists in area choices. It ought to be noticed that the above standards are not commonly steady. There are a few difficulties and battling issues going up against intergovernmental financial relations in Nigeria: 1) Non †Correspondence Problem Ideally, each degree of government ought to be given satisfactory assets to permit it release its duties. Since this is beyond the realm of imagination, there is typically an absence of correspondence between the spending duties and the assessment powers/income sources appointed to various degrees of government. It is this incongruence that is frequently alluded to as the non-correspondence issue. In Nigeria, the majority of the significant wellsprings of income go under the ward of the central government yet lower levels of government should create inward income. There is, along these lines, the need to determine the irregularity between doled out capacities and assessment powers. The issues concerning financial relations among the constituent units of the Nigerian organization that remain for the most part uncertain are the uniqueness between appointed capacities and duty powers, standard of flat and vertical income allotment, reliance of states and nearby governments on administrative wellsprings of subsidizing, propensity towards focus and bureaucratic nearness in the states (Fadahunsi, 1998). The five standards at present applied in the even income assignment equation are a long way from worthy to all the partners. 2) Fiscal Autonomy and Independence The issue of relative financial self-governance and freedom of the state and nearby governments in a genuine administrative structure goes with the end product issue of the correspondence of legislative capacities and income sources. Since the making of the twelve-state structure in 1967, states and nearby governments have been unnecessarily subject to the Federation Account. This autonomy must be decreased if the unifying units are to be allowed to seek after their own improvement objectives without being hampered by the erratic changes in their portions of the Federation Account. It is significant that income sources ought to be reallocated and made good with the variances expressed for every level of government to improve consistent and legitimate subsidizing of regulatory and formative exercises rather than the regularly experienced sudden monetary tightening influences at the two lower levels of government. 3) Oil Producing States, Oil Producing Local Government Administrative Areas or Communities Professor Omo Omoruyi in his treatise â€Å"the Politics of Oil: who possesses the oil, Nigeria, states or communities† (2000) brought up three striking issues on obvious responsibility for in Nigeria. The topic of nearby authority over neighborhood assets is a set up established rule in government frameworks. However, the manner in which the Nigerian government framework created under the outer pioneer request (1954-60) and proceeded under the time of geo-ethno-military inner pilgrim request (1960-1999) and in the vote based agreement between 1999 to date is yet an uncertain fighting issues in the talk about Nigeria’s federalism. He tested the â€Å"Tripod† way to deal with Nigeria’s issue where the three significant ethnic nationalities choose the substance and the pattern of national issues. This tripod way to deal with Nigerian legislative issues, ought to have been discarded at this point, with the presentation of the thought of ‘federal character’, which accepts states in the league as the units of portrayal. The tripod way to deal with Nigerian governmental issues applies to how the oil, which originates from the non-lion's share territories, is drawn closer in the political and monetary talk. We ought to likewise know about the inclination among the larger part ethnic nationalities that the regions delivering oil by righteousness of feebleness in the military and legislative issues ought not be permitted to make a case for the oil from their territories as of right†. Notwithstanding, theres a qualification between oil delivering networks and oil creating states. This is the premise of the exercises of the Traditional Rulers of the Producing Communities who are managing the President and need the cash because of states based on the 13% inference in the Constitution ought to be paid to the â€Å"oil delivering networks/neighborhood government areas†. The Traditional Rulers’ contention is that â€Å"communities† own oil and not â€Å"states†. This is an uncertain issue and isolates the networks in riverside zones straightforwardly influenced by oil spillages from their countrymen in landed zones from getting a charge out of the full advantages of distributions to creating states. One doesn't have a clue about the finish of this contention. By what method should the National Assembly address this issue? The government

B.F. Skinner Theories of Language Development

language improvement is a significant part of kids' initial advancement as it upgrades the feeling of having a place, creates certainty, gives them self-sufficiency and freedom as they begin to develop. Likewise, it encourages them to convey, connect and partner with others in the general public and accordingly address the issue of the necessary social traditions of the districts they live in. As indicated by B. F Skinner hypotheses, this advancement is unequivocally reliant on nature of the youngster presence with learning and support framing the center part of this early turn of events (William and Ferguson, 2001).His speculations demonstrate that new aptitudes are achieved either through operant or traditional molding to the kid accordingly extending the impacts that these conditions have on the prompt condition of the kid. Reactions that are decidedly fortified are effortlessly rehashed while those that are rebuffed repeat less regularly in the kid language and reaction improveme nt (David and Carl, 2004). Despite the fact that skinner's speculations are believed to take less thought of the characteristic capacity of the youngster to create language to itself, they have been viably applied to numerous kids everywhere throughout the world.Consequent explores show that the prompt condition assumes the principle job in a kid's language advancement which is the way to future accomplishment consistently. Medically introverted kids experience issues in understanding the language, figuring out how to cooperate with others and might be described by abnormal tedious developments. Skimmer hypotheses necessitate that incitement is utilized on these kids for their language advancement to improve. Medically introverted youngsters preparing through positive and negative support have shown improved degrees of understanding to their reactions and sound development.Early arranges operant molding As skinner speculations propose, language insufficient mentally unbalanced kids requires more consideration from their beginning periods of advancement contrasted with others. The relatives and the moms particularly should commit high consideration regarding them with the point of helping their language advancement (William and Ferguson, 2001). During the crying and cooing stage, it is difficult to set up the youngsters that are autisic however sharp moms can have the option to tell if their kids are deficient.Caregivers hence, must evaluate and attempt to comprehend the kid for early help to be profited along these lines decreasing late language improvement. The fundamental correspondence quintessence of the infant might be unique and the mother must receive the right beat to comprehend the kid and making it agreeable. David and Carl (2004) takes note of that, crying changes with age as the kid advances while cooing begins at six years old months. The deliberate conduct at this stage is hence exceptionally improved with the youngster having the option to conne ct with explicit perspectives and people.Delayed introduction and early speculation ought to be gradually embraced by the mother and the prompt early guardians to the kid (William and Ferguson, 2001). Utilization of antagonistic and encouraging feedback William and Ferguson (2001) contends that following prattling, the guardians and the parental figures ought to have completely comprehended the youngster status and afterward subject him to explicit upgrade identified with the most repetitive occasions like eating, nursing and his quick individuals natural to him.Teachers and parental figures ought to lessen the quantity of words and furthermore limit the pace of acquaintance of new words with the kid. Expanded customized consideration must be urged for the kid to appreciate the new foundation important for his language advancement. Fortifying boost ought to likewise be related with the length of time the kid is taking to comprehend various parts of the language (Wilma and Pauline, 2 000). Adverse support builds the fixation for the kid and diminishes his lethargy to various angles identifying with his requirements.The youngster effectively relates to nature he is situated in and with cutting edge fortification, he might have the option to expand his capacity to recognize more individuals separated from his mom. Plus, uplifting feedback ought to likewise be gradually acquainted with care with measure the kid responsiveness to the distinctive improvement that identify with his quick encompassing (David and Carl, 2004). Speculation and development. Kids secure the phonetic abilities when they approach dialects condition either at home, school or playing with other children.The social sorted out exercises fill in as obtaining emotionally supportive network for the autisic kid (Jeanine and Tony, 2007). Network and youth supporters must beginning from the general part of the youngster to the particular understanding where the kid can have the option to discuss openly with the remainder of the individuals. They go about as the go betweens to the kid language where self guideline dependent on the watched criticism is utilized to decide the advancement (Wilma and Pauline, 2000).Though the phonology of the youngster may take longer contrasted with other kids, articulation, inflection and rules for joining syllables thusly create with this help. Others may have more trouble with the semantics particularly for consolidated sentences. As showed before, the endeavors ought to be founded based on the prompt condition and greater support accentuated for quicker turn of events. The motherese help ought to be expanded much after the children have surpassed the age for concentrated consideration and backing from the mother and the caregivers.Training and appraisal. As indicated by William and Ferguson (2001), autisic kids requires more help through preparing for their language to completely create and have the option to discuss easily with others. The kid h aving developed and being gone to by his instructors, the all-inclusive mands are significant for the youngster to accomplish more elevated levels of comprehension during it's later turn of events. The instructors consequently, must fathom the kid condition and increment the individual help with the journey for this development.Assessment at this stage help the guardians and the mentors to comprehend the degree of the youngster reaction corresponding to various viewpoints that encompass him. To add to that, fortification ought to be increased to bring up the youngster reaction and interest it's capacity for better understanding. Turn about methodology ought to be utilized particularly for the kids with serious autisic conditions. The subjects ought to be changed for the youngster to understand issues and language commands.Playing mode ought to be expanded to help the kid to effortlessly appreciate interconnections between character, feelings and different prerequisites of collaborat ion in the general public quicker (Jeanine and Tony, 2007). Conduct alteration. Headways are achieved with the youngster's psychological improvement with time and hence, the guardians and the general public should build the call for conduct alteration in the kid reaction and language progress. Already, negative support are utilized with discipline being related to an inappropriate actions.Modification calls for move in the utilization of the fortification mode for the youngsters where great activities are empowered through uplifting feedback that are more advantageous by furnishing the kid with proper conduct rules. This technique benefits the youngster and the guardians just as the general public where the effects identified with the kids conduct are certain. Autisic kids react quicker and emphatically to the constructive conduct alterations application and may serve to expand their capacity to completely build up their language (David and Carl, 2004).People in the prompt encompass ing of the kid, should anyway fit in with the uplifting feedback technique to lessen disarray to the youngster. Jeanine and Tony (2007) noticed that, new belief systems and language perspectives are been anything but difficult to learn for the youngster at this phase because of changes in the methodology mode and use of the uplifting feedback. Be that as it may, skinner hypotheses don't address plainly how hardship is identified with support in the kid language advancement particularly for the kids with language learning disabilities.Identification of these fortification have come up short on the precision and culmination which sets up the start and the specific closure time of the procedure. Additionally, support ought to incorporate shortsighted and generally relevant methods with the autisic youngsters requiring explicit directional and fortuitous utilization of the speculations (Wilma and Pauline, 2000). End. As upheld by the paper, use of the Skinner's hypotheses is exceptional ly powerful for the autisic youngsters in building up their language for their correspondence and simpler relationship with the society.Through comprehension of the procedure, the quick parental figures of the kid must help the autisic kid to build up the language quicker. The youngster completely relies upon them and the general public in the last a very long time for language and other physical turn of events. Help to the kid must be reached out to the prompt educators who handle the kid and the difference in negative reenforcement to the positive one (William and Ferguson, 2001). Condition of the youngster particularly the prompt kids, parental figures and the general public are required to offer most extreme help to the kid for better and quicker improvement of his language.Finally, Cooperation of the individuals in the general public is air conditioning center piece of the language advancement and their support is vital for these kids to build up their language easily. Referenc es. David, P. and Carl, C. (2004). Conduct Analysis and Learning. Washington. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Jeanine, M. and Tony, D. (2007). Models of Teaching: Connecting Student Learning with Standards. New York. Sage. William, T. and Ferguson, K. (2001). The Psychology of B. F. Skinner. New York: Sage. Wilma, V. and Pauline , L. (2000). Handbook on Child Development. New York. Thomson Learning Nelson.

Selim Sazak, MIA 15, writes on nuclear nonproliferation COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Selim Sazak, MIA 15, writes on nuclear nonproliferation COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Everyone at the Office of Admissions wanted to wish our PA, Selim Can Sazak, MIA 15, a big congratulations on co-authoring an article in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists! His article asks,  â€œWill there be a next generation in the fight for nuclear nonproliferation?” SIPA News sat down with him to discuss the article and the question it poses for the future of nuclear disarmament.   Tell us a bit more about this article. Basically, the article draws on my background from being in the trenches of the nonproliferation cause. Since the end of the Cold War, nonproliferation has become a secondary cause. In particular, we are facing an alarming deficit when it comes to organizing and mobilizing for tomorrow. There are only a few youth programs, mostly run by small staffs and on very limited budgets. When the going gets tough, these programs are the first to get cut. One of the co-authors on the paper actually left her job in such an operation that was scaled back. So we started thinking about how this problem can be fixed. There is a big problem now, many leaders of the nonproliferation community are aging; most are in their 60s or 70s. This is the final time window for a new block to come in. We are falling behind. What are some of the reasons you think the younger generation is not as involved in nonproliferation? This is a question that has sparked some fierce debates and in my opinion, there is no single answer. I believe that an important reason is that the end of the Cold War changed the way the nuclear threat is perceived. Until very recently, nonproliferation was not only a strong movement but it was also a ‘cool’ cause; working to keep global peace and avert a global nuclear war appealed to young people in a way it does not anymore. Now, development is trendy, social enterprise is trendy. That’s where the resources are. In a way, young people are drawn to causes where their efforts are more tangibly rewarded. Not surprisingly, security is given a backseat. It’s harder to come by younger people in security jobs, especially outside the public sector. So what does the article propose? Quite simply, we are trying to point that the battle against nuclear proliferation will take more than a few decades to win, and that if no one is left to carry on the fight, it won’t be won at all. We discuss some of the challenges the nonproliferation community has been facing in reaching out to the younger generation. In this context, we see a unique role for the United Nations to start such a conversation. We believe that it is time for all stakeholders in the nonproliferation causeâ€"governments and international organizations, think-tanks and nonprofits, activists and advocates, the young and the oldâ€"to engage in a forward-looking conversation on how to cultivate the next generation. We are already talking with senior leaders, major donors, and we’ve been in touch with the UN to see how can push this idea forward â€" we need a structured dialogue to identify our problems and devise a common strategy towards solving them. The future of nuclear weapons is a global issue. En suring that the public and our leaders is fully educated in this issue and would be capable of navigating this future safely is an interest shared by everyone, regardless of whether they are seeing a valid role for nuclear weapons in the future of international security or not. We think that this is a common denominator that can bring us together in a conversation and it is our hope that our article would contribute to moving us forward in that direction. You’ll graduate in May. How does this piece fit into your future goals? My main interest is in solving problems, exploring new ideas, testing them in real-life situations. Some of my classmates here are the smartest people I know, and putting their smarts into innovative policies can make a difference. I’m graduating in May and that’s what I’m walking away with: Using SIPA, and the many things I have learned here, to bring change where it’s possible. Read the QA in its entirety here.

The Importance of Trust - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 585 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Truth Essay Did you like this example? It was a relaxing and lazy sort of day. The air was still, the leaves were hardly rustling, and nothing much seemed to be happening. It was the sort of day that something leads to mischief. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Importance of Trust" essay for you Create order Inside my brother and I were sitting around, not doing anything in particular. My brother, who was in first grade, had recently started playing soccer and was sitting on the couch holding his soccer ball. He had been outside practicing kicks, so he came inside to take a break. I was sitting in a chair reading a book and thinking about what to do next. Neither of my parents were home, so my brother and I were alone. I know, I said. Lets go play a board game. No, he said. I dont really feel like playing a board game and besides theyre not really that fun. Well, okay, I said thinking.Maybe we could go outside and ride our bikes. He thought about it and said, No, we just did that yesterday. I began to get irritated and impatient with my brother. My gosh! I exclaimed. You dont want to do anything at all. You just want to sit there and hug your soccer ball. Thats not true! he protested. But Ill tell you something. I bet you I can dribble this ball past you. He was pretty good at dribbling, but so was I. We faced each other and the ball was on the floor between us. He moved the ball forward with his foot, but then trying to trick me out of position, he gave the ball a sharp kick. It almost worked, but I tried to block the ball and it bounced off of my knee. The soccer ball bounced off the wall, right into my moms favorite flower vase. The vase fell to the floor with a loud crash. A few minutes later as we started cleaning up the glass we listened in horror as the garage door screeched open. We looked at each other and then at the broken vase with blank faces, not knowing what to do. My brother hid the ball behind a desk and we went back and sat down as if nothing had happened. Hey guys, my mom said. It wasnt long before she noticed the broken vase. My vase! she exclaimed. What happened? she said looking at us. We just stared at each other as we began to tell a lie. We dont know what happened. We didnt touch it at all, he said. Yeah, it must have just fell of the table, I added. After that, the lies just continued to get bigger and bigger. How could it just fall of the desk? she asked questioningly. She didnt seem to look convinced by what we were saying, but she said, Okay, and began to clean up the mess. It was hard to see how sad our mom looked while picking up the pieces of the broken vase and the guilt was starting to build up. Mom, were really sorry about the lamp I said. Im not worried about the lamp, we can always get a new one. What Im worried about is that maybe my children, who Ive always trusted, arent telling me the truth. And trust is not something that you can just put back together again, she said. My brother and I started talking all at once, It didnt just fall off the desk, we were playing soccer and accidentally knocked it over, we said.

Globalization in the Music industry - 1293 Words

Globalization in the Music Industry Jonathan Ben Ami ACOM 388 The music industry has been around for over two centuries (PBS). Its volatility can be measured by its ability to shift and change according to its time period, the technologies that arise through the ages and the public’s shift in musical taste. The music industry is comprised of many different components, organizations and individuals that operate within it. Some of these components include the artists who compose the music themselves, the producers that engineer the sounds created by the artists, the companies that handle distribution and promotion of the recorded music, the broadcasters of the music such as radio†¦show more content†¦Over the past decade, the use of CDs has been replaced with online streaming and retailing. This has eliminated much of the record companies revenues as they were used to making most of their profit off of distribution and promotion of physical copies of artists albums (Niemen). This has caused for a major shift and remodeling of majo r players in the music industries business models. Companies such Sony, Warner Music Group and Universal Music Group have started to completely rethink the way they conduct business (Forbes). In the past record labels were not only responsible for production, distribution and promotion of an artist and his/her music, but they also acted as a bank (Forbes), funding the artists tours and recording sessions. Recently, these music giants have been moving towards becoming more of a modular network organization. What this means is that they are less occupied with the nitty gritty, and more focused on what they do best which is distribution and promotion. This also allows for more freedom of creativity for the artist as well as fairer split of profits (Forbes). This adaption of new business models clearly shows the versatility of the music industry in adapting to new times and technologies. One can only speculate the future of the music industry. As aforementioned, the music industry is in constant flux, changing shape and adapting to newShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Globalization on the Creative Industry- Music Industry2340 Words   |  10 PagesImpact of Globalization on the Creative Industry- Music Industry | | Student Name: Lily Lee | Contents: 1.0 Introduction: 2 2.0 Music Industry: 2 2.1 Music Industry Value Chain 4 2.11 Beginning: 4 2.12 Production: 5 2.13 Circulation: 5 2.14 Distribution: 5 2.15 Consumption: 6 3.0 Technology Globalization impact on Music Industry: 6 4.0 Trade Globalization impact on Music Industry: 8 5.0 Conclusion: 9 6.0 Reference: 11 7.0 Appendix: 12 Appendix 1: The Core Cultural Industries 12 AppendixRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Globalization762 Words   |  4 Pagesworld. From what I have read, I have noticed, to a large extent, the positive aspects of globalization. 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African American Musuem Free Essays

Intro to Museum Studies Professor Kirsch September 19,2010 The African Museum in Philadelphia is notable as the first museum funded and built by a municipality to help preserve, interpret and exhibit the heritage of African Americans. Opened during the 1976 Bicentennial celebrations, the AAMP is located in historic Philadelphia, a few blocks away from the Liberty Bell. Charles H. We will write a custom essay sample on African American Musuem or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wesley was a noted African American historian, educator, and author. He was the fourth African American to receive a Ph. D. from Harvard University. An ordained minister, Wesley’s distinguished career included 40 years of leadership with the African Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1976, he served as Director of the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum in Philadelphia, now known as the African American Museum in Philadelphia. Programs The African American Museum that is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has some interesting education programs. These education programs focus on arts, culture, and heritage education. They place a major emphasis on the interests of the students, educators, artists, historians, scholars, and community organizations. These programs offer diversity with scheduling. The programs explore various African forms of cultural expressions. In these programs there are literary performances, hands on demonstrations, workshops, and storytelling performances as well. The African American Museum in Philadelphia feels its programs can be a vital link between the permanent and visiting collections for the many communities they serve. Exhibitions The exhibitions in the African American Museum in Philadelphia can some to be pleasing to the eye and stimulating to the mind. According to the African American Museum of Philadelphia these exhibitions invoke a deep collection of emotion ranging from pride and passion to excitement and enthusiasm. When visitors enter the museum they will come to Gallery 1, which includes a interactive timeline, images draw from historical record, that spans 100 years of history. In Gallery 2 there are full size video projections in which visitors can in engage in them. Once they are activated, a monologue about life in Philadelphia will begin. Some other aspects of the exhibit include an experience where you can walk the streets of Philadelphia through a large scale map, which is located between galleries 1 and 2 . How to cite African American Musuem, Papers

Multilingualism and Children Language Behaviour

The proposed study touches upon the effects of multilingualism on children’s language behaviour, this is why the research locale should be properly chosen.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Multilingualism and Children Language Behaviour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is reasonable to find 20-50 children from age 4 to 16, who grow or grew up in a bilingual or multilingual society (e.g. with parents, who may use different languages or have to live in one language-speaking society and do not want to neglect their native language); they usually live in particular blocks with their own cultural and ethical history that is supported by their parents or other relatives and fellows. A multilingual society is not a new issue nowadays, and children have to live in it without understanding its true essence and possible outcomes of their further development. The effects of multilingualism on children’s l anguage behaviour may vary considerably: from the inabilities to apply specific cultural norms to the current living conditions to the ways of how a communication process may be organized. Children, who have to grow up in a multilingual society, may face a number of problems that define the quality of their language behaviour and influence the styles of life considerably. This is why it is very important to investigate the effect of multilingualism on children in order to learn how to overcome possible problems and threats, improve the living conditions of such children, and assist parents in identifying the main components of communication that have to be considered in a children’s educational process by parents or other care givers and teachers. The theory called the ethnography of speaking (or ethnography of communication), offered by Dell Hymes, will be used to situate the problem of multilingualism and its effect on children’s language behaviour as it helps to com prehend the components of communication and their role in the process of education.Advertising Looking for proposal on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to this theory, speech behaviour should be analysed in two types of contexts, social and cultural , in order to identify a number of culturally relevant features of possible variation, explicit and implicit norms of communication, and verbal and nonverbal parameters of interaction (Hymes, 2013). Hymes’s theory (the ethnography of speaking) and the identification of the main components of communication) seem to be an appropriate idea that helps to address the problem and find out the most appropriate solutions. His speaking model is a good chance to promote the analysis of speech events within a particular cultural context (Johnstone Marcellino, 2010). The identification of the components like the genre, purpose, setting, etc. is an important step in understanding children’s language behaviour that cannot be neglected. In case all the components are clearly identified and the categories for analysing a speech event are mentioned, the effect of multilingualism on children’s language behaviour cannot be negative, but turns out to be positive for a future development of a child. Reference List Primary Source: Hymes, D. (2013). Foundations in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach. New York, NY: Routledge. Secondary Source: Johnstone, B. Marcellino, W. (2010). Dell Hymes and the ethnography of communication. In B. Johnstone, R. Wodak, P. Kerswill (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of sociolinguistics (pp. 57-66). London: Sage Publications. This proposal on Multilingualism and Children Language Behaviour was written and submitted by user Isabell Wilkinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

English report Essays

English report Essays English report Essay English report Essay Sulfanilamide and very good evening to our lecturer and to all my fellow friends. Today I want to talk about one issue HTH I chose according to the traffic problem at apart raja. Based on my information HTH I got from my friends and my family, I heard HTH along time a go there are a lot of accident occurred along the road starting from are tam until bath path Accident between car n car, motorcycle n motorcycle, car n supervise and almost tragic is between motor n lorry. Sometimes fatal accident was occurred along the road. Key What we can see the road along apart raja.. There are many Junction. As we can e many vehicles go in out Other than HTH, I almost sure if u go out and wait at the road side now, around 2 minutes u can see the car, motorcycle or lorry drive with no speed limit/ very fast. Sometimes I was feeling so scared when I ride bike along the road. Next About traffic light As we can see along the road at apart raja there are about 2 or 3 traffic light but it was so many Junctions. In my opinion, by construct the traffic light was not suitable to control the traffic safety/vehicle speed according to the road HTH have so many Junctions and vehicles HTH used the road any time. So its not eatable at this condition. As a civil engineering student, in my opinion I like to suggest to construct more bumpers. I think by constructing this bumper it will be more better and safety. Why Normally or logically, when road users see the bumper automatically they must slow the car. Compare to the T. Light if u see the traffic light u will speed up especially when it green or yellow. Sometimes we can see car or motorcycle hit the red light.. Slumber Eek!! This is one of the factor of accident may occurred. Key What happen when traffic light suddenly not function, it will make more dangerous to the road users right. To make it simple key, let we share something.. Do you ever heard any accident occur at the bumper No right. Let always we heard the accident occurred at the traffic light right Moreover, by constructing bumper we need a low budget compare to the traffic light. I hope my ideas will come true If the government cannot afford to do what I suggest. I only hope please construct more bumpers starting from periwig soles junction until Atman U Junction. Because we have 2 educational institution and a mosque around there. So HTH. All students and villagers will be more safely at the Thank you. ? English report By mirage

Learn About Anaïs Nin, Novelist, Diarist

Learn About Anaà ¯s Nin, Novelist, Diarist Anais Nin was born Angela Anais Juana Antolina Rosa Edelmira Nin y Culmell in France on February 21, 1903 and died on January 14, 1977​. Her father was the composer Joaquin Nin, who grew up in Spain but was born in and returned to Cuba. Her mother, Rosa Culmell y Vigaraud, was of Cuban, French, and Danish ancestry. Anais Nin moved to the United States in 1914 after her father deserted the family. In the United States she attended Catholic schools, dropped out of school, worked as a model and dancer, and returned to Europe in 1923. Anais Nin studied psychoanalysis with Otto Rank and briefly practiced as a lay therapist in New York. She studied the theories of Carl Jung for a time as well. Finding it difficult to get her erotic stories published, Anais Nin helped found Siana Editions in France in 1935. By 1939 and the outbreak of World War II she returned to New York, where she became a figure in the Greenwich Village crowd. An obscure literary figure for most of her life, when her journals kept since 1931 began to be published in 1966, Anais Nin entered the public eye. The ten volumes of The Diary of Anaà ¯s Nin have remained popular. These are more than simple diaries; each volume has a theme, and were likely written with the intent that they later be published. Letters she exchanged with intimate friends, including Henry Miller, have also been published. The popularity of the diaries brought interest in her previously-published novels. The Delta of Venus and Little Birds, originally written in the 1940s, were published after her death (1977, 1979). Anais Nin is known, as well, for her lovers, who included Henry Miller, Edmund Wilson, Gore Vidal and Otto Rank. She was married to Hugh Guiler of New York who tolerated her affairs. She also entered into a second, bigamous marriage to Rupert Pole in California. She had the marriage annulled about the time she was achieving more widespread fame. She was living with Pole at the time of her death, and he saw to the publication of a new edition of her diaries, unexpurgated. The ideas of Anais Nin about masculine and feminine natures have influenced that part of the feminist movement known as difference feminism. She disassociated herself late in her life from the more political forms of feminism, believing that self-knowledge through journaling was the source of personal liberation. Partial Bibliography - By Anais Nin Celebration! with Anais Nin.Cities of the Interior.  Paperback. 1975.Collages.  Jean Varda, illustrator. Paperback. 1964.Delta of Love: Erotica.  Paperback. 1989.Fire: From a Journal of Love, the Unexpurgated Diary of Anais Nin, 1934-1937.  Paperback. 1996.The Four-Chambered Heart.  Paperback. 1974.Henry and June. Paperback. 199

Semiotic interpretation of an image Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Semiotic interpretation of an image - Essay Example With the signs in photos open for interpretation, an observer can be able to appreciate the denotative and connotative signification. The caption that has been provided is a photo of the Olympic event. It captures the moment where the participants involved are awarded with medals after victory in the sports they had participated. When awarding the Olympic participant, the protocol is that the winner is awarded with a gold medal then the first runner up is awarded with silver followed by brass for the second runner up. After receiving the medals, the next stage involved playing of the national anthem in front of everyone. Only the person who takes the gold is awarded the chance of having his or her country’s national anthem played. From the background of the picture provided, there is a possibility of stating that the event is not a recent one and may have taken place somewhere in the middle 1900s. An aspect that brings out the background of the photo is the ‘black power’ salute that the two of the participants posed. During the 1960’s, there were many instances where the black Americans fought against what they believed to be racism from the original citizens in the country. From this, it is clear to deduce that the time the Olympic event in the picture is taking place might be the 1968 summer Olympics. This aspect then is possible to award the photo with both the denotative and connotative values (Bathes, 35). There is a connotative value that the ‘black power salute’ poses awards the photo. This value is in the unity of the black Americans. The two Olympic participants can be said to be sending a message to the other black people. The message here is not only directed to the black Americans but to all the black people all over the world since Olympics is an international event. The first African country to participate in the Olympics was South Africa in the year 1904; this was under the

A Humanitarian Mission Outside of the United States Research Paper

A Humanitarian Mission Outside of the United States - Research Paper Example This paper will deal with an assumed scenario involving the deployment of troops to assist in a humanitarian mission outside of the United States. An earthquake has hit Guam on July 17, 2012, around 0200 EST. The earthquake has had a devastating effect on the entire country. Initial reports suggest that around 1,000 people are dead while hundreds of other people are missing. It is expected that thousands more are now homeless and will require food, immediate medical attention as well as rehabilitation. The situation in Guam resembles a humanitarian crisis in the making. The government of Guam has notified the United States government regarding the earthquake and has asked for humanitarian assistance. The country is currently in a state of emergency and any help is welcome. The President of the United States is expected to shortly get to the airwaves to address the situation in Guam. Meanwhile, a decision has been made to send in troops from the United States Marine Core (USMC) and the United States Navy in order to help the people of Guam. There is little doubt that the situation in Guam is a humanitarian crisis. All efforts need to be made to ensure that this humanitarian crisis does not turn into a humanitarian disaster. There are a number of different problems that must be tackled simultaneously in order to deal with the situation in Guam. On the one hand, troops must be mobilized along with their equipment for short-term measures while, on the other hand, long-term planning such as rehabilitation has to be initiated as well. One method of dealing with this situation could be to take action as needs become apparent. However, this approach would be wasteful in terms of costs as well as repeated tasks. The real method of dealing with this situation is to initiate Crisis Action Planning (CAP).

Cybercare Work Placement Review

Cybercare Work Placement Review Ignacio Fernà ¡ndez De Arroyabe The work placement for this module, Work Related Module II, was at Cybercare UK. From October 2016, I have been developing this activity. Cybercare UK is an organisation in London, which offers one-stop-shop to support victims of cyber crimes. The goal of the organisation is to assist victims of cyber crimes in detecting and protecting themselves. In fact, the aims of this company are advocacy for the protection of the individual, respecting rights and responsibilities to ensure security and freedom, in consultation with government, legal and technical services, and charitable agencies. During the time spent at Cybercare, I have worked in a group called Cybercare Business Research Team. The objective of this team has been to identify products for the security of computer systems. For this task, we have followed the work methodology DESP, which consists in detecting problems and vulnerabilities, customer education, and in supporting and offering protection for victims of cyber crime. In this report, we synthesise both the activities carried out and the assessment of the learning outcomes. Thus, we firstly conduct a review of the activities performed, placing special emphasis in the work methodology. Secondly, we evaluate the activities carried out in terms of learning. This learning has been evaluated at three levels: (i) the acquisition of knowledge, (ii) the improvement of capabilities, and finally (iii) the improvement of skills (not only personal skills but also interrelational and leadership skills). In the following sections, I present the review of activities, the academic context in which they have been developed, the evaluation of activities and finally, the conclusion explaining the achievements with this Module. I enclose as Annexes the presentations that I have elaborated for the organisation. 2. Review of Activities As a member of the Cybercare Business Research Team, the work we have done has been to find products for the security of computer systems. Our role was to educate and provide victims of cyber crime with measures (software or procedures) to protect systems; For example, antivirus and search engines that provide you privacy, or network sniffers, for users with more computer skills. As members of the Cybercare Business Research Team, we took care of everyday software, for example, encrypted mail, secure VPN, secure payment methods, etc. The Table 1 shows the activities developing. Table1: Activities performed during the work with Cybercare Research Type Main Duties Research on Antivirus and Secure Browsers -Find the best Cost/Security Antivirus. -Find the best Secure browsers that do not slow down the system. -Compatible with multiple O.S. Research on Network Sniffers -Research for Network Sniffers. -Tutorials to show how to use the Software. Research on Network Ports -Tutorials in explaining what Network Ports are. -Research on how to close ports. 2.1 Dealing with the client needs In the context of my activities in Cybercare Business Research Team, we note that Cybercare is a peculiar organisation in the relationship with its clients since it is not only necessary to provide a service, but also it is necessary to consider the psychological state of the client, as these people have suffered a cybercrime. Therefore, this makes our work affected in several ways: First of all, when finding solutions or helping a client, we have to lead with clear and simple ideas to help them. We assume that their knowledge of computer tools does not necessarily correspond to an expert level. Second, the psychological situation, since apart from customers, they are victims of cybercrime. This means that we have to be especially sensitive, both in the provision of the service and in the relationship with them. These two aspects have been the reason for the first meetings with the company since the relationship with the clients is fundamental. 2.2 Working Methodology: DESP approach. For the accomplishment of our work, and considering the framework of the relationship with the clients, the methodology used in the company is DESP approach. This methodology work consists of four phases: Detect, Educate, Support, and Protect. Through it, we provide an integral service to our clients, following the guidelines of work of the main international regulations, on the implementation of information security systems (Boehm, 1991; CLUSIF, 2008[1]; Infosec Institute, 2016; ISO, 2016). Below we describe the main aspects of the work methodology: The first stage of the work is the detection (Detect). This is probably the most difficult task because when a client needs help, you have to find the possible vulnerabilities or mistakes that they have made and that have allowed the hacker to enter to the system. It is a crucial step, as all the solutions that might be applied depend on finding the problem. If the vulnerability exploited by a hacker is not detected, it will not be possible to implement a solution. To make a good detection analysis, it is crucial to meet with clients, with the aim of identifying and recreating the steps followed by the hacker. For the realisation of this work, we use technical diagnostic toolkits, such as CrystalDiskInfo, which monitors the hard disks and reports the state of their health, then it returns all the S.M.A.R.T. information and shows how many times the disk has been turned on and off (Hiyohiyo, 1998), or even the help of legal agencies (for example, the metropolitan police). The second stage of our methodology is education (Educate). At this stage, we develop an educational programme, suitable for each client. The purpose of this is to instruct the client so that he/she can understand why it happened (identification of vulnerabilities), and how to remedy it (development of information security systems). As we pointed out above, for the development of this educational phase, we must be patient with the client, and very clear and didactic in the teachings, as well as in the recreation of the computer attack. Therefore, for this task, it is necessary both, the understanding and empathy of the employee as the interest towards the client. Moreover, we have to consider, that in many cases the client does not have a high knowledge in IT, for which is essential that it is explained in a language and context that the client can understand and apply later what has been learned, always taking into account that the most important thing is that the user can apply the se remedies or the solutions taught. As a means to accomplish this task, we have used digital and blended training tools and e-learning tutorials. These educational systems have helped customers learn the use of some software, for example, Zenmap. Zenmap is software from the company Nmap[2], which adds an interactive GUI so that the user can easily see the networks to which it is connected, the open ports and all the interactions between the computer and the network. The third stage of our methodology is Support. This stage is intended to help the client in future questions or doubts about what has been learned to protect themselves. Fui-Hoon et al. (2001), Boehm (2008) and ISO (2016) point out that this task is critical for the development of a computer security system. Cybercare considers this stage to be fundamental, unlike other consulting companies that do not give so much importance to the phase of support, in Cybercare we ensure that the customer has the best support possible. This is because if the client does not remember how to apply what they have learned to protect their System, they will repeat the same mistakes made previously. For the accomplishment of this stage, telephone support is usually the most used medium, and combined with online assistance, in the clients system. The last step is protection (Protect). This is the stage in which the system is already protected and the customer has already applied the recommended guidelines to keep the System safe. Normally this is the last process, unless it is necessary to repeat any of the above, either due to new system vulnerabilities or bad habits and/or forgetting to follow practices to defend it. If this is successfully completed it can be said that the system is protected and that the user is out of risk. 2.3 Working within a team environment For the development of our work and the performance of the same, it has been done by working on a team. The importance to the business success of teamwork is well known in the literature (McDonough, 2000; Bakker and Schaufeli, 2008). In this sense, in Cybercare, we work as a Research Team, being team work the second pillar on which the methodological work is supported. In this context, the coordination and interaction between the team members were very important, with the aim of finding solutions for our clients, which can satisfy them in all aspects both economic and practical security. My working group was Cybercare Business Research Team. The goal was to work on finding cybersecurity solutions for each client. The assignment of the tasks in our work team was based on the type of products needed. Thus, each member of the group specialised in one type of product. In my case, I was responsible for the antivirus software. For this task, I elaborated a list with all the antivirus that were on the market and classified them considering two conditions, the price and the operating system of the client; also for mobile devices, such as smartphones, PDAs, etc. The second product I had to research in my working group, was secure browsers. In order to perform this assignment, I had to find the best secure browsers that offered the most security and privacy to the user, for the various operating systems, which could allow them to navigate the network with the highest security possible. However, in our situation as students with not much experience in the organisation environment, it was difficult at first to be able to coordinate and divide the assignments properly. This is a fundamental element since in any professional environment the coordination of workers is a critical element, which is why we try hard to learn from it. The situation among the teammates, given that we all have the same background (IT), made communication between us easier since in technical terms we all understood each other. 2.4 Presentations for employers, clients and team members In the implementation of our work methodology, a key element is the presentation of our results to employers, clients and members of the others groups. This methodology followed in Cybercare was considered critical, as Fincham (1999) points out, it facilitates the learning, the interaction and the trust between the company and the clients (Fincham, 1999; Nah et al. 2003). In addition, teamwork required that each member of the Research Business Team had to present at the meetings our results and recommendations, both in terms of solutions and products. Hence, I have made several presentations during my work with Cybercare. In these presentations I showed the characteristics, the prices and the time that would take to get the software or product to be in operation for the company. 2.5 Find the right products for customers As a member of the Cybercare Research Business Team, our work was based on the search for products that offered security for our clients. For this, we looked for products the most affordable as possible, preferably free, since in many cases the user or customer prioritises the software to be free or very low cost. One of the products to look for the clients was an antivirus and secure browsers. For this, we elaborated a comparative spreadsheet (Annexe 1), in which we explain the features of the antivirus and the secure browsers. We also prioritise the cost, thus obtaining two antiviruses per operating system (one free and another low cost but with features better than the free), and secure browsers by Operating System. For the realisation of this work, apart from the Internet search, we had to contact companies to ask about their products specification, for example, Panda Security. The objective was to clarify the various products and classify them both in security level and in cost. 3. Academic Context The work placement is related to my course in many ways. Firstly, it has allowed me to put into practice the knowledge acquired in the modules developed in my Bachelor. Especially, I would like to point out that the knowledge acquired in the CC6004: Network and Cloud Security, CS5001: Networks and Operating Systems and CC5004: Security in Computing modules, have been useful in the accomplishment of my work at Cybercare. Secondly, I had the possibility of interacting with other colleagues, of whom I have acquired knowledge in other areas, which I did not have prior knowledge, or in which my knowledge was superfluous. This is the case, for example, network security or software security. In addition to the implementation of the knowledge acquired in my BSc, I have had the opportunity to improve my capabilities and skills. Working in a company has helped me to gain first-hand in-depth knowledge, not only on customers needs but also on new working methodologies and learned to interact with other colleagues. 4. Activities Evaluation 4.1 Dealing with the client needs Since my experience in a company environment was not as extensive as some of my colleagues, I did not have the opportunity in prior working occasions to deal with clients needs. This, in turn, resulted in that I had to learn many things, which helped me develop my skills and abilities. Specifically, I have developed my client orientation competencies, as the relationship with them was oriented towards the search for adequate protection solutions, in terms of money and time of implementation. Furthermore, I have improved my skills of interrelating with people, especially in dealing with clients. In this respect, we have to consider not only the classic supplier-customer interaction but also we had to qualify the clients psychological state, as the victim of a cyber-attack. This was helpful to see what the requirements in company environment are. As a result of this, I developed my personal skills, such as work and time management and organisational capabilities. 4.2 DESP approach As pointed out earlier, DESP approach follows the standards of consulting in the information sector. This system is very effective in solving cyberattack problems, which has required being able to detect, educate, implement and assist the client, developing and learning to better analyse systems and problems derived from malware or intrusion to the system. This has allowed me to assimilate this methodology, as well as to know how and when to implement it properly and to learn the international standards of computer security. This experience has opened me the doors to a learning process and therefore an increase in my personal skills and abilities, which will allow me in the future to work in the consultancy sector. Windolf (1986) and Sparrow (2007) point out that in the recruitment of personnel in the consultancy sector the most valued capacities are: to detect, educate, implement and help the client. 4.3 Working within a team environment The next challenge for me has been group work. Although at university we have experiences in group work, for example, the elaboration of coursework. However, the experience of a professional job has enriched me in my skills both in a personal relationship and in management. The group work, has in first place, meant the need to plan and organise the tasks in the team. This interaction has been a very interesting experience, for example, analysing the criteria for dividing tasks and adjusting a work plan to the needs of the client. Additionally, in some tasks, I have developed the coordination role. This has allowed me to gain experience in the management of work teams. Having to learn, listen, coordinate, motivate, and lead a team. 4.4 Presentations for employers, clients and team members Personally, before working at Cybercare, I did not have much experience in presentations in a business environment, outside the strictly academic. This experience has, therefore, helped me greatly to improve my presentation skills, in presentations with employers, clients, and team members. More in detail, the presentations meant the implementation of our communication skills, especially in the transmission of ideas, which have to be especially good to be able to express and convince the possible client about the solutions or products more suitable for their Computer security problems. In addition, considering that clients were not IT experts, we had to make a communication effort, to simplify some terms, for example, VPN, Network Sniffer, etc. In addition, attending presentations of other teams helped me to increase my knowledge in areas in which I had not much prior knowledge, such as Networks Sniffers products (this is the case of Wireshark, Nmap or Zenmap). 4.5 Find the right products for customers As already mentioned, much of the time working for the company was spent looking for the products and applications most appropriate to the needs of customers. The best example has been to search, analyse and classify the best antivirus that can be found on the market. This has required looking at all the antivirus for all operating systems, their functions, and features, considering aspects such as the price and the number of licenses that can be obtained for that price. So make a chart with the main features and prices. In order to be able to find products to recommend to customers, we had to acquire an exhaustive knowledge about the product and the market, besides identifying the needs of the customer or user. As a conclusion to this work, this helped me to understand that each customer has different necessities and therefore the product has to be adapted to these needs, thereby increasing my analytical skills greatly improved after this situation (see Table 2). Also, gain a thorough knowledge of antivirus. Table 2: Skills, Knowledge and Capabilities gather. Skills Capabilities Knowledge Clients Personal Interaction Orientation to the clients Client treatment DESP Personal Consultant Work Methodology Working Team Personal Interaction Direction Define and eradicate the problem Networks Team Work Solutions Personal Analytics Anti-Virus, Secure Browsers Network Sniffers 5.   Challenges As in all jobs, motivation is always a great ally in order to perform a task properly. At first you are very motivated to have achieved that position, but then irremediably with the passage of time is just falling into a routine, which ends up gradually losing your motivation, and instead of being something special that put one hundred percent, You end up just putting what you think is just necessary to complete the task. In my case, I always try to be motivated, with ideas, with previously read material to extend my knowledge on the field. But sometimes it is impossible to keep that motivation all the time. For example in my case, to get down to work, I have to travel an hour and a half between trains and the underground. At the beginning, I used that time to read the extra material, that could give me a better idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹the topic that was going to be working that day, but in the end, I end up not reading on trains, usually for lack of motivation. This I think has been one of the great challenges for me, to keep the motivation to one hundred percent, to be able to take full advantage of the experience of working in the company Cybercare. Another great challenge that I had when it comes to successfully carry out the work with the organisation Cybercare, has been the product presentations. This was due to my lack of experience in professional presentations (not academic, since I have had numerous presentations at the University), since professional presentations require a more practical knowledge of the products (such as cost of a product, the availability, the time it would take to have such a product), plus you have to present only what is important, since the rest of the things you say will not serve to the company at all, therefore, they would not pay attention. This has been from my point of view the most difficult challenge, getting the audience (employers and clients) to pay attention and being able to convey the main characteristics of the product. Compared to presentations at an academic level, in which data, such as the history of the product, origin, how you ended up reaching that product, etc., are very imp ortant. In the presentations at a business level, the important thing is: why would the company invest in this product, which is what it makes it better than the rest of the product, and when will they have it. 6. Conclusion In conclusion, after working with Cybercare since last October (2016), I have noticed that I have improved in my personal, interrelation and leadership skills. Being in a business environment the demand by the employers is maximum, so you have to do your best to be able to meet deadlines, and correctly perform the tasks ordered. The Learning outcomes (LO) have helped me to set goals to meet. With the logbooks, I have been able to summarise what I have done during this time, and it has helped me to review the feedback of the employees so that I was able to improve every week. In general terms, the Work Related Module II module has helped me to put into practice my theoretical knowledge learned in the University and has prepared me for the business world for when I finish my bachelor. References Bakker, A.B. and Schaufeli, W.B. (2008). Positive organisational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(2), 147-154. Boehm, B.W.   (1991). Software risk management: principles and practices. IEEE Software Journal,8, 32-41. Boehm, B.W. (2008). Appraisal of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of an Information Security Management System Based on ISO 27001. SECURWARE, 8, 224-231. CLUSIF (2008). Risk Management. Concepts and Methods. Club de la Securite Infomatique, Paris, France. Fincham, R. (1999). The consultant-client relationship: Critical perspectives on the management of organizational change. Journal of Management Studies, 36(3), 335-351. Fui-Hoon Nah, F., Lee-Shang Lau, J. and Kuang, J. (2001). Critical factors for successful implementation of enterprise systems. Business Process Management Journal, 7(3), 285-296. Hiyohiyo (1998) CrystalDiskInfo software crystal dew world. Available at: http://crystalmark.info/software/CrystalDiskInfo/index-e.html (Accessed: 12 January 2017). Infosec Institute (2016). IT Auditing and Controls Planning the IT Audit. Infosec Institute. http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/itac-planning/#gref ISO (2016). ISO/IEC 27001 Information security management. ISO. http://www.iso.org/iso/iso27001 McDonough, E. F. (2000). Investigation of factors contributing to the success of crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ functional teams. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 17(3), 221-235. Nah, F.H., Zuckweiler, K.M.and Lee-Shang Lau, J. (2003). ERP implementation: chief information officers perceptions of critical success factors. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 16(1), 5-22. Sparrow, P.R. (2007). Globalization of HR at function level: four UK-based case studies of the international recruitment and selection process. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(5), 845-867. Windolf, P. (1986). Recruitment, selection, and internal labour markets in Britain and Germany. Organization Studies, 7(3), 235-254. Annexe 1: Presentation on Antivirus and Secure browsers Annexe 2: Presentation on Network Sniffers Annexe 3. Presentation on Network Ports (Windows) [1] CLUSIF: Club de la Sà ©curità © de lInformation Franà §ais (https://clusif.fr/). [2] Nmap Security   (NMAP.ORG, https://nmap.org/zenmap/).

Magnet Status

While many nurses are campaigning for staffing ratios, others are putting their hopes in a different kind of â€Å"magnet† – hospitals throughout North America (and one in the United Kingdom) that have received special designation by the American Nurses Association (ANA) through its American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). Some supporters of the â€Å"Magnet hospital† concept view it as a substitute for ratios, others don’t. The term â€Å"Magnet† was coined in the 1980s, when researchers for the American Academy of Nursing (AAN), and ANA affiliate, began analyzing hospitals with a good record of nurse retention. The forty-six facilities studies in the original 1983 report were places where nurses, not surprisingly, said they liked to work. These hospitals had low turnover and vacancy rates, although they were located in areas with a lot of labor market competition for nurses (Gordon, 2005). Hospitals that act as a â€Å"magnet† for excellence creates a work surrounding that distinguish, rewards, and promote proficient nursing. Organization attributes that attract nurses to magnet hospitals support better patient care and outcomes, including a strong presence of nurses in patient care decision making, a high level collegiality between nurses and physicians, and more time for nurses to care for and teach patients, and the encouragement and expectation of critical thinking. Magnet designation is also an effective marketing tool for attracting patients and for recruiting and retaining quality nursing staff. Although the magnet designation provides numerous benefits for a hospital, the road to attaining it is not an easy one. The written application for magnet status must demonstrate how the hospital implements the Scope and Standards for Nursing Administrators and how it incorporates the forces of magnetism within nursing services. It can take two or more years to perform the assessment, compile the documentation, and have the site visit by magnet reviewers (Grossman, 2007). Some tips on making the journey to magnet designation a successful one include the following: –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Get buy-in front from executive management, nurse managers, and nursing staff –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seek advice from other organizations that have navigated the process –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Organize the effort across all organizational levels and departments –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Establish a timeline to keep team efforts on track and promote team focus –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Coordinate personality styles and team members’ strengths, teaming â€Å"thinkers† with â€Å"doers† Hospitals meet the magnet standards by having a flatter organizational structure that allows nurses more say in both patient care and how their jobs are designed, making the chief nursing officer part of the executive team, hiring more staff nurses and reducing or eliminating agency and travel nurses, and supporting top nurses in pursuing research and advanced degrees (Porche, 2005). References: Gordon, S. (2005). Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nurses and Patient Care. New York: Cornell University Press. Grossman, S. (2007). Mentoring in Nursing: A Dynamic and Collaborative Process. New York: Springer Publishing Comapny. Porche, R. A. (2005). Issues and Strategies for Nurse Leaders: Meeting Hospital Challenges Today. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission Resources.   

What I Believe Cultural Competence - 1344 Words

Each one of us differs in culture; and because we differ in Culture, we individualistically perceive a situation indifferently. What is viewed by the U. S culture isn’t perceived the same from someone from a different culture. Each culture has different opinions; so how we see reality (the situation at hand) is different. Therefore, how we perceive the world isn’t really how it is because others will see it differently. And at times, we struggle to acknowledge other cultural differences, which intern leaves us to project and compare our perception of ourselves to others. Furthermore, this is why I believe cultural competence in psychology has the knowledge and skills to make a decision in someone else’s cultural context. Cultural competence in psychology has the knowledge and expertise to make a decision in someone else’s cultural context. I’m a future provider of appropriate psychological services, which is why I found these readings entirely helpful. Why, because what I perceive is good health service could be looked differently in my client’s standards. I learned that that the key to administering appropriate psychological services to a culturally diverse population are being knowledgeable of the ethical factors and being cultural competency. Three ways that will help a psychologist maintain their cultural competency are within the models and theories of multiculturalism, assimilation, and acculturation. Body ETHICAL PRACTICE OF PSYCHOLOGY- WHAT ARE MY PERSONAL THOUGHTSShow MoreRelatedCultural Competence Essay614 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment 5 Cultural competence has to do with one’s culture. Culture affects among other factors, how children are raised, how families communicate, what is considered normal or abnormal, ways of coping with issues, the way we dress, when and where we seek medical treatment, and so forth. I should know because I come from a very cultural home where it is considered bad to talk to a male doctor about anything gynecological. Cultural Competence is important for many reasons. First, it can helpRead MoreCultural Competence1018 Words   |  5 Pageswebsite defines cultural competence as: A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes and policies that come together as a system, agency or among professionals and enable that system, agency or those professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations. The word culture is used because it implies the integrated pattern of human thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious or social group. The word competence is used becauseRead More Cultural Competence Essay983 Words   |  4 Pageswebsite defines cultural competence as: â€Å"A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes and policies that come together as a system, agency or among professionals and enable that system, agency or those professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situations. The word quot;culturequot; is used because it implies the integrated pattern of human thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious or social group. The word competence is used becauseRead MoreMulticultural Education : Characteristics And Goals1434 Words   |  6 Pagesdiverse cultural groups of its community. Multicultural education is also the process teachers and administrators follow in order to achieve the ideal of equal education opportunities (1997). Introduction to Diversity for Educators is an essential course for teachers. The course contents encourage us, future educators, to look inward and examine our personal biases, which, if done honestly, will positively influence our teaching and our future students’ outcome. I found the textbook, Cultural Competence:Read MoreCaring For A Terminally Ill Patient Can Be A Difficult1099 Words   |  5 PagesCaring for a dying patient from a different country with different culture and beliefs can be even more uncomfortable. The cultural knowledge deficit of Middle Eastern Americans in the United States is astonishing (Lipson Meleis, 1983, p. 855). To give competent care to patients from different countries, healthcare workers must expand their comprehension of different cultural backgrounds. Middle Eastern Americans population is rapidly growing in the United States. It is important to gain knowledgeRead MoreThe Differences Between Myself And People871 Words   |  4 Page sI do not believe that I am holding on to prejudices or preconceptions about Spaniards or another culture. I have been somewhat culturally naà ¯ve my entire life. This is helpful in not having preconceptions about people, but can be interpreted as a lack of recognition and appreciation of cultural differences by others. For the most part, I accept people for who they present themselves to be to me, not how they are with other people or circumstances. I truly enjoy learning about the differences andRead MoreDifferent Definitions For Cultural Competency1660 Words   |  7 PagesThere are various definitions for cultural competency depending on the various, but each definition relates to one thing, understanding an environment other than your own. In the Psychology dictionary, cultural competency is defined as, â€Å"Taking ownership of the abilities and insight which are recommended for and particular to a chosen culture.† To be culturally competent, one must possess the capa city to work effectively with people from a variety of ethnic, cultural, political, economic, and religiousRead MoreThe Cultural Diversity Self Assessment811 Words   |  4 Pagesawareness. Awareness of areas I need growth in builds on my existing knowledge and skills. In this paper, I will identify areas of weaknesses and strengths in my cultural competency skills as well as strategies that will improve my transcultural nursing care. I have identified these areas using the Cultural Diversity Self-Assessment. Achieving a total score of 104, this tool has allowed me to target my weaknesses and create a plan to increase my competence in those areas. I have also been able to identifyRead MoreCultural Competency For A Successful Profession1414 Words   |  6 PagesCULTURAL COMPETENCY IN NURSING For a successful profession, cultural competence should be put into consideration to create an environment that favors better communication. Since migration of people across the globe has increased, it has resulted to a population that is ethnically diverse. Nurses must therefore interact with a diversified community, hence the need to learn about their culture. When involved in a work team, the following disciplines should be considered: valuing diversity, having theRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education : Rita Pierson, An American Educator1301 Words   |  6 Pagesteach and guides their expectations for their students. Children are the future of our country. Therefore, I believe it is the responsibility of a teacher to strive to be the best educator possible by having cultural competence and pedagogical knowledge to effectively teach their students. This can be done by motivating students to learn through self-discovery based on their interests and what is relevant to their lives. It is a teacher’s responsibility to guide students towards their own goals to

Good Morning And Thankyou For Tuning Into The Poet s Voice

Good morning and thankyou for tuning into The Poet’s Voice. My name is Meg Cuskelly and it’s that time of the week that we all look forward to, here on the show, where we have the privilege to welcome a guest speaker to discuss a poem, poet and period with us. Today, from The Australian National University in Canberra we have Vivienne White, head lecturer in the literature department. Thankyou for joining us Vivienne. My Pleasure Meg, thankyou for having me on The Poet’s Voice. The pleasure is all ours. Tell us Vivienne, what have you got to share with us today? Well Meg, today I will be sharing with you a poem called â€Å"Ode on Melancholy†, by the British Romantic poet John Keats, who is arguably the most popular romantic poet of his†¦show more content†¦After his three year apprenticeship, Keats became a medical student at Guy’s hospital. With his study taking over, he was losing time to write. He had always had a passion for literature, so he made up his mind to increase the time spent on poetry, and his first poem was published in 1814. Although he received his Apothecary licence in 1816, he decided to follow the path of his inspiration, Lord Byron, and become a poet. Five months before his first book, â€Å"Poems†, was published, Keats was introduced to one of Byron and Shelley’s friends, Hunt, who helped him advance in his writing. His first book was not received to well by the public, neither was the rest of his work. In his lifetime, Keats’ work copped more hate than any other poet of his time. But by the end of the 19th century he was one of the most beloved poets studied. Actually Meg, on his gravestone Keats wanted to write â€Å"Here lies one whose name was writ in water.† He knew he wasn’t appreciated in his time, and he would be washed away by those who read his name, yet he prophesised he would be appreciated in the years that followed. Keats met the love of his life who did love him for many years after his death, Fanny Brawne, in 1818. They started off as close friends, but their friendship soon became intimate and all of Keats’ time and energy was put into her. The majority of his poems reflected his love for her,