Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria Essay

The subject of a satisfactory equation for income sharing among the segment levels of the Nigerian country is one of the most extended and disputable discussions in the political and macroeconomic administration of the economy. This discussion has its establishments in the history and development of the Nigerian league. â€Å"Revenue designation or the legal appropriation of income from the Federation Account among the various degrees of government has been one of the most argumentative and questionable issues in the nation’s political life. So combative has the issue been that none of the formulae developed at different occasions by a commission or by pronouncement under various systems since 1964 has increased general agreeableness among the part units of the nation. To be sure, the issue, similar to a repetitive decimal, has agonizingly remained the primary issue that almost every approaching system has needed to wrestle with since freedom. Simultaneously, upwards of thirteen distinct endeavors have been made in conceiving a worthy income portion equation, every one of which is more associated with the debates it produced than issues settled† Financial federalism alludes to the extension and structure of the levels of government duties and capacities just as the assignment of assets among the levels of government. Maybe the most significant issue of monetary federalism is the income portion recipe, the sharing of national income among the different levels of government (vertical income sharing) just as the dispersion of income among the state governments (that is, even income allotment). The centralization of Nigeria’s monetary federalism started with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which contended that a fitting income assignment framework should bring about a progressively impartial appropriation of income among the states to accomplish a reasonable advancement of the organization. Income distribution can be portrayed as a method(s) of sharing the halfway created income among the various levels of government and how the sum apportioned to a specific level is shared among its parts. Nigeria is an administrative state †under the bureaucratic arrangement of government, organization or halfway created income is shared among the three degrees of government, in particular; the national government, the states and the neighborhood governments. The hypothesis of income partaking in an administrative state is that each degree of government gets a portion of budgetary assets custom fitted to their particular necessities as characterized by the command of authoritative capability, their real circumstance and the legal lists of computation. In Nigeria, choices with regards to what extent of halfway produced income that would be held by the government, the extent that will be shared among the state governments and the extent that will go to the neighborhood government has consistently been an issue, because of the way that there is no accord concerning what could be viewed as a perfect equation. The rules that direct the execution of intergovernmental monetary relations include: (a) The Principle of Diversity: The administrative framework must be able to suit a huge assortment of decent varieties. Henceforth, the financial framework must give degree to assortment and contrasts to flexibly national, local and neighborhood open products. (b) The Principle of Equivalence: Based on the topographical frequency of various open products, allocative proficiency requires the evening out of locational favorable circumstances emerging from between jurisdictional contrasts with a mix of charges and open merchandise and enterprises. This requires the utilization of financial instruments for accomplishing macroeconomic goals of development, adjustment and full work by inhabitants of various geopolitical units; this necessity controls for what is regularly alluded to as â€Å"central city misuse thesis†. (d) Minimum Provision of Essential Goods and Services: This guarantees monetary federalism ensures all residents, independent of where they dwell, the base arrangement of ertain fundamental open merchandise and enterprises. (e) Principle of Fiscal Equalization: In request to guarantee a base degree of open products and enterprises same level of monetary balance is required. This is because of contrasts in asset gift. (f) The Efficiency Principle: This guideline suggests that productivity must be applied in the designation of assets (g) The Principle of Derivation: The segment units of a framework ought to have the option to control its very own portion assets as they want. h) The Principle of Locational Neutrality: Interregional monetary contrasts will in general impact area selections of people and firms. Consequently, strategy should concentrate on limiting mutilations because of some obstruction. Consequently, differential assessments which make locational contortions ought to be stayed away from as much as practicable. (I) The Principle of Centralized Redistribution: This rule expresses that the redistribution capacity of financial arrangement through dynamic tax collection and consumption projects ought to be brought together at the government level. That is, if the redistributive capacity is decentralized, it can bring about twists in area choices. It ought to be noticed that the above standards are not commonly steady. There are a few difficulties and battling issues going up against intergovernmental financial relations in Nigeria: 1) Non †Correspondence Problem Ideally, each degree of government ought to be given satisfactory assets to permit it release its duties. Since this is beyond the realm of imagination, there is typically an absence of correspondence between the spending duties and the assessment powers/income sources appointed to various degrees of government. It is this incongruence that is frequently alluded to as the non-correspondence issue. In Nigeria, the majority of the significant wellsprings of income go under the ward of the central government yet lower levels of government should create inward income. There is, along these lines, the need to determine the irregularity between doled out capacities and assessment powers. The issues concerning financial relations among the constituent units of the Nigerian organization that remain for the most part uncertain are the uniqueness between appointed capacities and duty powers, standard of flat and vertical income allotment, reliance of states and nearby governments on administrative wellsprings of subsidizing, propensity towards focus and bureaucratic nearness in the states (Fadahunsi, 1998). The five standards at present applied in the even income assignment equation are a long way from worthy to all the partners. 2) Fiscal Autonomy and Independence The issue of relative financial self-governance and freedom of the state and nearby governments in a genuine administrative structure goes with the end product issue of the correspondence of legislative capacities and income sources. Since the making of the twelve-state structure in 1967, states and nearby governments have been unnecessarily subject to the Federation Account. This autonomy must be decreased if the unifying units are to be allowed to seek after their own improvement objectives without being hampered by the erratic changes in their portions of the Federation Account. It is significant that income sources ought to be reallocated and made good with the variances expressed for every level of government to improve consistent and legitimate subsidizing of regulatory and formative exercises rather than the regularly experienced sudden monetary tightening influences at the two lower levels of government. 3) Oil Producing States, Oil Producing Local Government Administrative Areas or Communities Professor Omo Omoruyi in his treatise â€Å"the Politics of Oil: who possesses the oil, Nigeria, states or communities† (2000) brought up three striking issues on obvious responsibility for in Nigeria. The topic of nearby authority over neighborhood assets is a set up established rule in government frameworks. However, the manner in which the Nigerian government framework created under the outer pioneer request (1954-60) and proceeded under the time of geo-ethno-military inner pilgrim request (1960-1999) and in the vote based agreement between 1999 to date is yet an uncertain fighting issues in the talk about Nigeria’s federalism. He tested the â€Å"Tripod† way to deal with Nigeria’s issue where the three significant ethnic nationalities choose the substance and the pattern of national issues. This tripod way to deal with Nigerian legislative issues, ought to have been discarded at this point, with the presentation of the thought of ‘federal character’, which accepts states in the league as the units of portrayal. The tripod way to deal with Nigerian governmental issues applies to how the oil, which originates from the non-lion's share territories, is drawn closer in the political and monetary talk. We ought to likewise know about the inclination among the larger part ethnic nationalities that the regions delivering oil by righteousness of feebleness in the military and legislative issues ought not be permitted to make a case for the oil from their territories as of right†. Notwithstanding, theres a qualification between oil delivering networks and oil creating states. This is the premise of the exercises of the Traditional Rulers of the Producing Communities who are managing the President and need the cash because of states based on the 13% inference in the Constitution ought to be paid to the â€Å"oil delivering networks/neighborhood government areas†. The Traditional Rulers’ contention is that â€Å"communities† own oil and not â€Å"states†. This is an uncertain issue and isolates the networks in riverside zones straightforwardly influenced by oil spillages from their countrymen in landed zones from getting a charge out of the full advantages of distributions to creating states. One doesn't have a clue about the finish of this contention. By what method should the National Assembly address this issue? The government

B.F. Skinner Theories of Language Development

language improvement is a significant part of kids' initial advancement as it upgrades the feeling of having a place, creates certainty, gives them self-sufficiency and freedom as they begin to develop. Likewise, it encourages them to convey, connect and partner with others in the general public and accordingly address the issue of the necessary social traditions of the districts they live in. As indicated by B. F Skinner hypotheses, this advancement is unequivocally reliant on nature of the youngster presence with learning and support framing the center part of this early turn of events (William and Ferguson, 2001).His speculations demonstrate that new aptitudes are achieved either through operant or traditional molding to the kid accordingly extending the impacts that these conditions have on the prompt condition of the kid. Reactions that are decidedly fortified are effortlessly rehashed while those that are rebuffed repeat less regularly in the kid language and reaction improveme nt (David and Carl, 2004). Despite the fact that skinner's speculations are believed to take less thought of the characteristic capacity of the youngster to create language to itself, they have been viably applied to numerous kids everywhere throughout the world.Consequent explores show that the prompt condition assumes the principle job in a kid's language advancement which is the way to future accomplishment consistently. Medically introverted kids experience issues in understanding the language, figuring out how to cooperate with others and might be described by abnormal tedious developments. Skimmer hypotheses necessitate that incitement is utilized on these kids for their language advancement to improve. Medically introverted youngsters preparing through positive and negative support have shown improved degrees of understanding to their reactions and sound development.Early arranges operant molding As skinner speculations propose, language insufficient mentally unbalanced kids requires more consideration from their beginning periods of advancement contrasted with others. The relatives and the moms particularly should commit high consideration regarding them with the point of helping their language advancement (William and Ferguson, 2001). During the crying and cooing stage, it is difficult to set up the youngsters that are autisic however sharp moms can have the option to tell if their kids are deficient.Caregivers hence, must evaluate and attempt to comprehend the kid for early help to be profited along these lines decreasing late language improvement. The fundamental correspondence quintessence of the infant might be unique and the mother must receive the right beat to comprehend the kid and making it agreeable. David and Carl (2004) takes note of that, crying changes with age as the kid advances while cooing begins at six years old months. The deliberate conduct at this stage is hence exceptionally improved with the youngster having the option to conne ct with explicit perspectives and people.Delayed introduction and early speculation ought to be gradually embraced by the mother and the prompt early guardians to the kid (William and Ferguson, 2001). Utilization of antagonistic and encouraging feedback William and Ferguson (2001) contends that following prattling, the guardians and the parental figures ought to have completely comprehended the youngster status and afterward subject him to explicit upgrade identified with the most repetitive occasions like eating, nursing and his quick individuals natural to him.Teachers and parental figures ought to lessen the quantity of words and furthermore limit the pace of acquaintance of new words with the kid. Expanded customized consideration must be urged for the kid to appreciate the new foundation important for his language advancement. Fortifying boost ought to likewise be related with the length of time the kid is taking to comprehend various parts of the language (Wilma and Pauline, 2 000). Adverse support builds the fixation for the kid and diminishes his lethargy to various angles identifying with his requirements.The youngster effectively relates to nature he is situated in and with cutting edge fortification, he might have the option to expand his capacity to recognize more individuals separated from his mom. Plus, uplifting feedback ought to likewise be gradually acquainted with care with measure the kid responsiveness to the distinctive improvement that identify with his quick encompassing (David and Carl, 2004). Speculation and development. Kids secure the phonetic abilities when they approach dialects condition either at home, school or playing with other children.The social sorted out exercises fill in as obtaining emotionally supportive network for the autisic kid (Jeanine and Tony, 2007). Network and youth supporters must beginning from the general part of the youngster to the particular understanding where the kid can have the option to discuss openly with the remainder of the individuals. They go about as the go betweens to the kid language where self guideline dependent on the watched criticism is utilized to decide the advancement (Wilma and Pauline, 2000).Though the phonology of the youngster may take longer contrasted with other kids, articulation, inflection and rules for joining syllables thusly create with this help. Others may have more trouble with the semantics particularly for consolidated sentences. As showed before, the endeavors ought to be founded based on the prompt condition and greater support accentuated for quicker turn of events. The motherese help ought to be expanded much after the children have surpassed the age for concentrated consideration and backing from the mother and the caregivers.Training and appraisal. As indicated by William and Ferguson (2001), autisic kids requires more help through preparing for their language to completely create and have the option to discuss easily with others. The kid h aving developed and being gone to by his instructors, the all-inclusive mands are significant for the youngster to accomplish more elevated levels of comprehension during it's later turn of events. The instructors consequently, must fathom the kid condition and increment the individual help with the journey for this development.Assessment at this stage help the guardians and the mentors to comprehend the degree of the youngster reaction corresponding to various viewpoints that encompass him. To add to that, fortification ought to be increased to bring up the youngster reaction and interest it's capacity for better understanding. Turn about methodology ought to be utilized particularly for the kids with serious autisic conditions. The subjects ought to be changed for the youngster to understand issues and language commands.Playing mode ought to be expanded to help the kid to effortlessly appreciate interconnections between character, feelings and different prerequisites of collaborat ion in the general public quicker (Jeanine and Tony, 2007). Conduct alteration. Headways are achieved with the youngster's psychological improvement with time and hence, the guardians and the general public should build the call for conduct alteration in the kid reaction and language progress. Already, negative support are utilized with discipline being related to an inappropriate actions.Modification calls for move in the utilization of the fortification mode for the youngsters where great activities are empowered through uplifting feedback that are more advantageous by furnishing the kid with proper conduct rules. This technique benefits the youngster and the guardians just as the general public where the effects identified with the kids conduct are certain. Autisic kids react quicker and emphatically to the constructive conduct alterations application and may serve to expand their capacity to completely build up their language (David and Carl, 2004).People in the prompt encompass ing of the kid, should anyway fit in with the uplifting feedback technique to lessen disarray to the youngster. Jeanine and Tony (2007) noticed that, new belief systems and language perspectives are been anything but difficult to learn for the youngster at this phase because of changes in the methodology mode and use of the uplifting feedback. Be that as it may, skinner hypotheses don't address plainly how hardship is identified with support in the kid language advancement particularly for the kids with language learning disabilities.Identification of these fortification have come up short on the precision and culmination which sets up the start and the specific closure time of the procedure. Additionally, support ought to incorporate shortsighted and generally relevant methods with the autisic youngsters requiring explicit directional and fortuitous utilization of the speculations (Wilma and Pauline, 2000). End. As upheld by the paper, use of the Skinner's hypotheses is exceptional ly powerful for the autisic youngsters in building up their language for their correspondence and simpler relationship with the society.Through comprehension of the procedure, the quick parental figures of the kid must help the autisic kid to build up the language quicker. The youngster completely relies upon them and the general public in the last a very long time for language and other physical turn of events. Help to the kid must be reached out to the prompt educators who handle the kid and the difference in negative reenforcement to the positive one (William and Ferguson, 2001). Condition of the youngster particularly the prompt kids, parental figures and the general public are required to offer most extreme help to the kid for better and quicker improvement of his language.Finally, Cooperation of the individuals in the general public is air conditioning center piece of the language advancement and their support is vital for these kids to build up their language easily. Referenc es. David, P. and Carl, C. (2004). Conduct Analysis and Learning. Washington. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Jeanine, M. and Tony, D. (2007). Models of Teaching: Connecting Student Learning with Standards. New York. Sage. William, T. and Ferguson, K. (2001). The Psychology of B. F. Skinner. New York: Sage. Wilma, V. and Pauline , L. (2000). Handbook on Child Development. New York. Thomson Learning Nelson.

Selim Sazak, MIA 15, writes on nuclear nonproliferation COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Selim Sazak, MIA 15, writes on nuclear nonproliferation COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Everyone at the Office of Admissions wanted to wish our PA, Selim Can Sazak, MIA 15, a big congratulations on co-authoring an article in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists! His article asks,  â€œWill there be a next generation in the fight for nuclear nonproliferation?” SIPA News sat down with him to discuss the article and the question it poses for the future of nuclear disarmament.   Tell us a bit more about this article. Basically, the article draws on my background from being in the trenches of the nonproliferation cause. Since the end of the Cold War, nonproliferation has become a secondary cause. In particular, we are facing an alarming deficit when it comes to organizing and mobilizing for tomorrow. There are only a few youth programs, mostly run by small staffs and on very limited budgets. When the going gets tough, these programs are the first to get cut. One of the co-authors on the paper actually left her job in such an operation that was scaled back. So we started thinking about how this problem can be fixed. There is a big problem now, many leaders of the nonproliferation community are aging; most are in their 60s or 70s. This is the final time window for a new block to come in. We are falling behind. What are some of the reasons you think the younger generation is not as involved in nonproliferation? This is a question that has sparked some fierce debates and in my opinion, there is no single answer. I believe that an important reason is that the end of the Cold War changed the way the nuclear threat is perceived. Until very recently, nonproliferation was not only a strong movement but it was also a ‘cool’ cause; working to keep global peace and avert a global nuclear war appealed to young people in a way it does not anymore. Now, development is trendy, social enterprise is trendy. That’s where the resources are. In a way, young people are drawn to causes where their efforts are more tangibly rewarded. Not surprisingly, security is given a backseat. It’s harder to come by younger people in security jobs, especially outside the public sector. So what does the article propose? Quite simply, we are trying to point that the battle against nuclear proliferation will take more than a few decades to win, and that if no one is left to carry on the fight, it won’t be won at all. We discuss some of the challenges the nonproliferation community has been facing in reaching out to the younger generation. In this context, we see a unique role for the United Nations to start such a conversation. We believe that it is time for all stakeholders in the nonproliferation causeâ€"governments and international organizations, think-tanks and nonprofits, activists and advocates, the young and the oldâ€"to engage in a forward-looking conversation on how to cultivate the next generation. We are already talking with senior leaders, major donors, and we’ve been in touch with the UN to see how can push this idea forward â€" we need a structured dialogue to identify our problems and devise a common strategy towards solving them. The future of nuclear weapons is a global issue. En suring that the public and our leaders is fully educated in this issue and would be capable of navigating this future safely is an interest shared by everyone, regardless of whether they are seeing a valid role for nuclear weapons in the future of international security or not. We think that this is a common denominator that can bring us together in a conversation and it is our hope that our article would contribute to moving us forward in that direction. You’ll graduate in May. How does this piece fit into your future goals? My main interest is in solving problems, exploring new ideas, testing them in real-life situations. Some of my classmates here are the smartest people I know, and putting their smarts into innovative policies can make a difference. I’m graduating in May and that’s what I’m walking away with: Using SIPA, and the many things I have learned here, to bring change where it’s possible. Read the QA in its entirety here.

The Importance of Trust - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 585 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Truth Essay Did you like this example? It was a relaxing and lazy sort of day. The air was still, the leaves were hardly rustling, and nothing much seemed to be happening. It was the sort of day that something leads to mischief. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Importance of Trust" essay for you Create order Inside my brother and I were sitting around, not doing anything in particular. My brother, who was in first grade, had recently started playing soccer and was sitting on the couch holding his soccer ball. He had been outside practicing kicks, so he came inside to take a break. I was sitting in a chair reading a book and thinking about what to do next. Neither of my parents were home, so my brother and I were alone. I know, I said. Lets go play a board game. No, he said. I dont really feel like playing a board game and besides theyre not really that fun. Well, okay, I said thinking.Maybe we could go outside and ride our bikes. He thought about it and said, No, we just did that yesterday. I began to get irritated and impatient with my brother. My gosh! I exclaimed. You dont want to do anything at all. You just want to sit there and hug your soccer ball. Thats not true! he protested. But Ill tell you something. I bet you I can dribble this ball past you. He was pretty good at dribbling, but so was I. We faced each other and the ball was on the floor between us. He moved the ball forward with his foot, but then trying to trick me out of position, he gave the ball a sharp kick. It almost worked, but I tried to block the ball and it bounced off of my knee. The soccer ball bounced off the wall, right into my moms favorite flower vase. The vase fell to the floor with a loud crash. A few minutes later as we started cleaning up the glass we listened in horror as the garage door screeched open. We looked at each other and then at the broken vase with blank faces, not knowing what to do. My brother hid the ball behind a desk and we went back and sat down as if nothing had happened. Hey guys, my mom said. It wasnt long before she noticed the broken vase. My vase! she exclaimed. What happened? she said looking at us. We just stared at each other as we began to tell a lie. We dont know what happened. We didnt touch it at all, he said. Yeah, it must have just fell of the table, I added. After that, the lies just continued to get bigger and bigger. How could it just fall of the desk? she asked questioningly. She didnt seem to look convinced by what we were saying, but she said, Okay, and began to clean up the mess. It was hard to see how sad our mom looked while picking up the pieces of the broken vase and the guilt was starting to build up. Mom, were really sorry about the lamp I said. Im not worried about the lamp, we can always get a new one. What Im worried about is that maybe my children, who Ive always trusted, arent telling me the truth. And trust is not something that you can just put back together again, she said. My brother and I started talking all at once, It didnt just fall off the desk, we were playing soccer and accidentally knocked it over, we said.

Globalization in the Music industry - 1293 Words

Globalization in the Music Industry Jonathan Ben Ami ACOM 388 The music industry has been around for over two centuries (PBS). Its volatility can be measured by its ability to shift and change according to its time period, the technologies that arise through the ages and the public’s shift in musical taste. The music industry is comprised of many different components, organizations and individuals that operate within it. Some of these components include the artists who compose the music themselves, the producers that engineer the sounds created by the artists, the companies that handle distribution and promotion of the recorded music, the broadcasters of the music such as radio†¦show more content†¦Over the past decade, the use of CDs has been replaced with online streaming and retailing. This has eliminated much of the record companies revenues as they were used to making most of their profit off of distribution and promotion of physical copies of artists albums (Niemen). This has caused for a major shift and remodeling of majo r players in the music industries business models. Companies such Sony, Warner Music Group and Universal Music Group have started to completely rethink the way they conduct business (Forbes). In the past record labels were not only responsible for production, distribution and promotion of an artist and his/her music, but they also acted as a bank (Forbes), funding the artists tours and recording sessions. Recently, these music giants have been moving towards becoming more of a modular network organization. What this means is that they are less occupied with the nitty gritty, and more focused on what they do best which is distribution and promotion. This also allows for more freedom of creativity for the artist as well as fairer split of profits (Forbes). This adaption of new business models clearly shows the versatility of the music industry in adapting to new times and technologies. One can only speculate the future of the music industry. As aforementioned, the music industry is in constant flux, changing shape and adapting to newShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Globalization on the Creative Industry- Music Industry2340 Words   |  10 PagesImpact of Globalization on the Creative Industry- Music Industry | | Student Name: Lily Lee | Contents: 1.0 Introduction: 2 2.0 Music Industry: 2 2.1 Music Industry Value Chain 4 2.11 Beginning: 4 2.12 Production: 5 2.13 Circulation: 5 2.14 Distribution: 5 2.15 Consumption: 6 3.0 Technology Globalization impact on Music Industry: 6 4.0 Trade Globalization impact on Music Industry: 8 5.0 Conclusion: 9 6.0 Reference: 11 7.0 Appendix: 12 Appendix 1: The Core Cultural Industries 12 AppendixRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Globalization762 Words   |  4 Pagesworld. From what I have read, I have noticed, to a large extent, the positive aspects of globalization. Even Samir himself speaks about this that they greatly influenced him â€Å"Globalization has had a very strong effect on me. It has allowed me to live with my friends and extended families that live in very different cultures and settings.† He also talks about the moments that globalization gave him, â€Å"Globalization has also allowed me to be exposed to several languages. I am fluent in English, SpanishRead MoreThe Impact Of World Music On Music And Culture1168 Words   |  5 Pagesworld music and globalization. According to Bohlman, world music is music people face ubiquitously, and includes popular, folk and art music practiced by either professionals or amateurs; it may be Western or non-Western, acoustic, electronic, and so on. Bohlman notes that world music can be marketable, profane, or sacred, and that musicians may highlight genuineness while greatly relying on media to propagate it to as many markets as they can. The consumers of world music may accept the music as howeverRead MoreSouth Asian Popular Culture : A Cultural Phenomenon, And A Sphere Of Capitalist Activities892 Words   |  4 Pages T Over the past decades, an increasing amount of cultural products such as television dramas, movies, animations and pop music have gained immense popularity among Asian countries, especially in Mainland China since the Chinese economic reform in the early 1980s.   E Popular culture is often referred to as a ‘mass culture’, ‘a cultural phenomenon’ and ‘a sphere of capitalist activities’ (Fung, 2007; Chua, 2007), with the capacity to transcend national boundaries and delimitate political tensionsRead More Global Opportunities for Turkey Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the whole world, it is that globalization is affecting and changing it. Turkey is located at the center of the Europe, Asia and Africa, therefore the political and economical circumstances of it are important both for the Western part and the Eastern part of the world, then, the role of the globalization is very important to Turkey. Since the country has improved by the global changes that have effects on the whole world for the last few decades, globalization is good and necessary for TurkeyRead MoreNetflix : An International Provider Of On Demand Internet Streaming Media933 Words   |  4 Pagesautomatically think that the show they a re watching is aired in different countries, but some shows are. Many shows have been adapted in different countries based on the country’s culture. According to author Jack Lule, â€Å"cultural hybridity suggest that globalization will bring about an increasing blending or mixture in culture† (Lule, p. 125). This allows for countries to incorporate their culture into familiar shows, movies, food, and etc. In Canada there are countless number of television shows that representRead MoreEssay on The Globalization of Hip Hop Music1498 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Wikipedia, Hip-hop music, also called rap music, is a musical genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted. It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching, breaking/dancing, and graffiti writing. Hip hop is also characterized by these other elements: sampling (or synthesis), and beatboxing. Hip hop music developed from party DJsRead MoreCultural Globalization and Westernization698 Words   |  3 PagesGlobalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of worldviews, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Cultural globalization is dealt with in our everyday lives. It deals with different ideas, meanings, and values throughout the world, globally. International travel, television, music, the Internet and many different popular cultures influence it. Globalization has been questioned whether or not it actually leans towards the Western culture, or if itRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Samir Moussa 1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthe cultures and settings of 11 different countries, I do not share his view of having only â€Å"the World to call home.† I consider my home to be with my family in England. Although Samir feels he is able to draw inner strength from the effects of Globalization, through his ability to see value and diversity in humanity, his ability to speak four languages, and his ability to draw parallels between them. He also admits that it has caused him outer frustration, though a sense of isolation from his globallyRead MoreThe Effects of Globalization on Cambodia Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is defined as the act of creating connections between countries across the globe in terms of culture and economy. Almost on every part of the world, citizens have become a part of the global village. Even though various researches stated that there are negative effects of globalization for particular reasons, the positive impacts were clearly shown to be stronger especially in developing countries such as Cambodia. To begin with, tourist travel is one of the main negative impacts of

African American Musuem Free Essays

Intro to Museum Studies Professor Kirsch September 19,2010 The African Museum in Philadelphia is notable as the first museum funded and built by a municipality to help preserve, interpret and exhibit the heritage of African Americans. Opened during the 1976 Bicentennial celebrations, the AAMP is located in historic Philadelphia, a few blocks away from the Liberty Bell. Charles H. We will write a custom essay sample on African American Musuem or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wesley was a noted African American historian, educator, and author. He was the fourth African American to receive a Ph. D. from Harvard University. An ordained minister, Wesley’s distinguished career included 40 years of leadership with the African Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1976, he served as Director of the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum in Philadelphia, now known as the African American Museum in Philadelphia. Programs The African American Museum that is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has some interesting education programs. These education programs focus on arts, culture, and heritage education. They place a major emphasis on the interests of the students, educators, artists, historians, scholars, and community organizations. These programs offer diversity with scheduling. The programs explore various African forms of cultural expressions. In these programs there are literary performances, hands on demonstrations, workshops, and storytelling performances as well. The African American Museum in Philadelphia feels its programs can be a vital link between the permanent and visiting collections for the many communities they serve. Exhibitions The exhibitions in the African American Museum in Philadelphia can some to be pleasing to the eye and stimulating to the mind. According to the African American Museum of Philadelphia these exhibitions invoke a deep collection of emotion ranging from pride and passion to excitement and enthusiasm. When visitors enter the museum they will come to Gallery 1, which includes a interactive timeline, images draw from historical record, that spans 100 years of history. In Gallery 2 there are full size video projections in which visitors can in engage in them. Once they are activated, a monologue about life in Philadelphia will begin. Some other aspects of the exhibit include an experience where you can walk the streets of Philadelphia through a large scale map, which is located between galleries 1 and 2 . How to cite African American Musuem, Papers

Multilingualism and Children Language Behaviour

The proposed study touches upon the effects of multilingualism on children’s language behaviour, this is why the research locale should be properly chosen.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Multilingualism and Children Language Behaviour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is reasonable to find 20-50 children from age 4 to 16, who grow or grew up in a bilingual or multilingual society (e.g. with parents, who may use different languages or have to live in one language-speaking society and do not want to neglect their native language); they usually live in particular blocks with their own cultural and ethical history that is supported by their parents or other relatives and fellows. A multilingual society is not a new issue nowadays, and children have to live in it without understanding its true essence and possible outcomes of their further development. The effects of multilingualism on children’s l anguage behaviour may vary considerably: from the inabilities to apply specific cultural norms to the current living conditions to the ways of how a communication process may be organized. Children, who have to grow up in a multilingual society, may face a number of problems that define the quality of their language behaviour and influence the styles of life considerably. This is why it is very important to investigate the effect of multilingualism on children in order to learn how to overcome possible problems and threats, improve the living conditions of such children, and assist parents in identifying the main components of communication that have to be considered in a children’s educational process by parents or other care givers and teachers. The theory called the ethnography of speaking (or ethnography of communication), offered by Dell Hymes, will be used to situate the problem of multilingualism and its effect on children’s language behaviour as it helps to com prehend the components of communication and their role in the process of education.Advertising Looking for proposal on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to this theory, speech behaviour should be analysed in two types of contexts, social and cultural , in order to identify a number of culturally relevant features of possible variation, explicit and implicit norms of communication, and verbal and nonverbal parameters of interaction (Hymes, 2013). Hymes’s theory (the ethnography of speaking) and the identification of the main components of communication) seem to be an appropriate idea that helps to address the problem and find out the most appropriate solutions. His speaking model is a good chance to promote the analysis of speech events within a particular cultural context (Johnstone Marcellino, 2010). The identification of the components like the genre, purpose, setting, etc. is an important step in understanding children’s language behaviour that cannot be neglected. In case all the components are clearly identified and the categories for analysing a speech event are mentioned, the effect of multilingualism on children’s language behaviour cannot be negative, but turns out to be positive for a future development of a child. Reference List Primary Source: Hymes, D. (2013). Foundations in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach. New York, NY: Routledge. Secondary Source: Johnstone, B. Marcellino, W. (2010). Dell Hymes and the ethnography of communication. In B. Johnstone, R. Wodak, P. Kerswill (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of sociolinguistics (pp. 57-66). London: Sage Publications. This proposal on Multilingualism and Children Language Behaviour was written and submitted by user Isabell Wilkinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.